Cameron Cate M, O'Leary Patrick J, Lakhani Ali, Osborne Jodie M, de Souza Luana, Hope Kristen, Naimi Mohammad S, Khan Hassan, Jawad Qazi S, Majidi Sabir
Griffith University, Meadowbrook, Queensland, Australia.
Jamieson Trauma Institute, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Queensland, Australia.
J Interpers Violence. 2021 Mar;36(5-6):2521-2540. doi: 10.1177/0886260518760610. Epub 2018 Mar 8.
Violence against children (VAC) is a significant international problem and, in Afghanistan, is particularly complex given the country has suffered armed conflict and extreme poverty for more than 30 years. The aim of this study was to examine the level of knowledge and observation of VAC by community leaders, professional groups, and business owners in three Afghan districts. A survey of community and religious leaders; health, socio-legal, and education professionals; and business owners from Kabul, Jalalabad, and Torkham ( = 182) was conducted. Structured interviews included qualitative and quantitative components. Questions related to knowledge and experience of VAC, and to perceptions of consequences, causes, and strategies for preventing VAC. The statistical significance of differences between participant groups and measures of association were assessed by Pearson's chi-square test, the Mann-Whitney test, and the Kruskall-Wallis one-way ANOVA. Qualitative responses were analyzed thematically. VAC was reported to occur mostly in the home, community, and workplace. The scale of the problem varied, with religious and community leaders underreporting VAC by 30% to 40% compared with other participant groups ( < .001). Business owners also significantly underreported VAC in the workplace, despite admitting to acts of discipline that included physical contact. There were some regional differences, with lower reporting of violence in Jalalabad compared with the two other locations ( < .001). Causes of VAC were consistently attributed to poverty, lack of education, and the effects of war. The findings of this study indicate that VAC is a serious and complex problem in Afghanistan. Decades of armed conflict and entrenched poverty influence how violence is perceived and recognized. Consideration should be given to initiatives that build on the existing strengths within the community while raising awareness and recognition of the nature, extent, and burden of VAC in the community.
暴力侵害儿童行为是一个重大的国际问题，在阿富汗，鉴于该国遭受了30多年的武装冲突和极端贫困，这一问题尤为复杂。本研究的目的是调查阿富汗三个地区的社区领袖、专业团体和企业主对暴力侵害儿童行为的认知水平和观察情况。对来自喀布尔、贾拉拉巴德和托尔汗的社区和宗教领袖、卫生、社会法律和教育专业人员以及企业主（= 182人）进行了调查。结构化访谈包括定性和定量部分。问题涉及暴力侵害儿童行为的知识和经验，以及对后果、原因和预防暴力侵害儿童行为策略的看法。通过Pearson卡方检验、Mann-Whitney检验和Kruskall-Wallis单因素方差分析评估参与者群体之间差异的统计学意义和关联度量。对定性回答进行了主题分析。据报告，暴力侵害儿童行为大多发生在家庭、社区和工作场所。问题的规模各不相同，与其他参与者群体相比，宗教和社区领袖对暴力侵害儿童行为的报告少30%至40%（<.001）。企业主在工作场所对暴力侵害儿童行为的报告也明显不足，尽管他们承认存在包括身体接触在内的纪律行为。存在一些地区差异，与其他两个地点相比，贾拉拉巴德的暴力报告率较低（<.001）。暴力侵害儿童行为的原因一直被归因于贫困、缺乏教育和战争的影响。本研究结果表明，暴力侵害儿童行为在阿富汗是一个严重而复杂的问题。数十年的武装冲突和根深蒂固的贫困影响了人们对暴力的认知和识别方式。应考虑采取一些举措，在利用社区现有优势的同时，提高对社区中暴力侵害儿童行为的性质、程度和负担的认识和认知。
