Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
Pediatrics. 2018 Apr;141(4). doi: 10.1542/peds.2017-2437. Epub 2018 Mar 8.
Although the prominent role of the microbiome in human health has been established, the early-life microbiome is now being recognized as a major influence on long-term human health and development. Variations in the composition and functional potential of the early-life microbiome are the result of lifestyle factors, such as mode of birth, breastfeeding, diet, and antibiotic usage. In addition, variations in the composition of the early-life microbiome have been associated with specific disease outcomes, such as asthma, obesity, and neurodevelopmental disorders. This points toward this bacterial consortium as a mediator between early lifestyle factors and health and disease. In addition, variations in the microbial intrauterine environment may predispose neonates to specific health outcomes later in life. A role of the microbiome in the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease is supported in this collective research. Highlighting the early-life critical window of susceptibility associated with microbiome development, we discuss infant microbial colonization, beginning with the maternal-to-fetal exchange of microbes in utero and up through the influence of breastfeeding in the first year of life. In addition, we review the available disease-specific evidence pointing toward the microbiome as a mechanistic mediator in the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease.
尽管微生物组在人类健康中的突出作用已得到确立，但目前人们认识到，生命早期的微生物组是对人类长期健康和发育的主要影响因素。生命早期微生物组的组成和功能潜力的变化是生活方式因素的结果，例如分娩方式、母乳喂养、饮食和抗生素使用。此外，生命早期微生物组组成的变化与特定疾病结局相关，例如哮喘、肥胖和神经发育障碍。这表明这种细菌联合体是早期生活方式因素与健康和疾病之间的中介。此外，微生物宫内环境的变化可能使新生儿易患特定的健康结局。在这项集体研究中，微生物组在健康与疾病的发育起源中的作用得到了支持。本研究强调了与微生物组发育相关的生命早期易感性关键窗口期，我们讨论了婴儿微生物定植，从母体到胎儿在子宫内的微生物交换开始，一直到生命第一年母乳喂养的影响。此外，我们还回顾了现有的针对特定疾病的证据，这些证据表明微生物组是健康与疾病的发育起源中的一种机制介导物。
