Costello Thomas H, Unterberger Ansley, Watts Ashley L, Lilienfeld Scott O
Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
Department of Psychology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Front Psychol. 2018 Feb 20;9:185. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00185. eCollection 2018.
Despite widespread assumptions that psychopathy is associated with serious and repeated law-breaking, individuals with psychopathic personality traits do not invariably become chronic criminal offenders. As a partial explanation for this finding, Lykken (1995) ventured that a fearless temperament underlies both psychopathic traits and heroic behavior, and that heroic individuals' early exposure to effective socializing forces such as warm parenting or healthy self-esteem often fosters a characteristic adaption that tends to beget "successful" behaviors, thereby differentiating heroes from convicts. In this study, we investigate relations between psychopathy, principally its fearless dominance dimension, pride, and prosocial and antisocial behavior in a community sample ( = 339). Fearless dominance and self-centered impulsivity components of psychopathy yielded differential relations with authentic and hubristic pride (Tracy and Robins, 2004), such that fearless dominance was significantly positively correlated with both facets of pride while self-centered Impulsivity was significantly negatively correlated with authentic pride and significantly positively correlated with hubristic pride. Further, authentic pride moderated (potentiated) the relation between fearless dominance and transformational leadership, one of the two outcome measures for prosocial behavior employed in our investigation. Authentic pride did not moderate the relations between fearless dominance and either our other measure of prosocial behavior (heroism) or antisocial behavior, nor did positive parenting moderate the relations between psychopathy components and social behavior. Unexpectedly, hubristic pride significantly moderated the relation between impulsive-antisocial features and antisocial behavior in a protective manner.
尽管人们普遍认为精神病态与严重且反复违法相关，但具有精神病态人格特质的个体并非必然会成为惯犯。作为这一发现的部分解释，莱肯（1995年）大胆提出，无畏的气质是精神病态特质和英雄行为的基础，而且英雄个体早年接触到诸如温暖的养育方式或健康的自尊等有效的社会化力量，往往会促成一种典型的适应方式，这种适应方式往往会产生“成功”行为，从而将英雄与罪犯区分开来。在本研究中，我们在一个社区样本（N = 339）中调查了精神病态（主要是其无畏主导维度）、骄傲与亲社会行为和反社会行为之间的关系。精神病态的无畏主导和以自我为中心的冲动性成分与真实骄傲和傲慢骄傲产生了不同的关系（特雷西和罗宾斯，2004年），即无畏主导与骄傲的两个方面均显著正相关，而以自我为中心的冲动性与真实骄傲显著负相关，与傲慢骄傲显著正相关。此外，真实骄傲调节（增强）了无畏主导与变革型领导之间的关系，变革型领导是我们调查中使用的亲社会行为的两个结果指标之一。真实骄傲并未调节无畏主导与我们亲社会行为的另一个指标（英雄主义）或反社会行为之间的关系，积极养育方式也未调节精神病态成分与社会行为之间的关系。出乎意料的是，傲慢骄傲以一种保护的方式显著调节了冲动反社会特征与反社会行为之间的关系。
