Dutta Rupam, Kundu Sangita, Sarkar Nilmoni
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, WB, 721302, India.
Biophys Rev. 2018 Jun;10(3):861-871. doi: 10.1007/s12551-018-0408-5. Epub 2018 Mar 8.
In the last two decades, researchers have extensively studied highly stable and ordered supramolecular assembly formation using oppositely charged surfactants. Thereafter, surface-active ionic liquids (SAILs), a special class of room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), replace the surfactants to form various supramolecular aggregates. Therefore, in the last decade, the building blocks of the supramolecular aggregates (micelle, mixed micelle, and vesicular assemblies) have changed from oppositely charged surfactant/surfactant pair to surfactant/SAIL and SAIL/SAIL pair. It is also found that various biomolecules can also interact with SAILs to construct biologically important supramolecular assemblies. The very latest addition to this combination of ion pairs is the dye molecules having a long hydrophobic chain part along with a hydrophilic ionic head group. Thus, dye/surfactant or dye/SAIL pair also produces different assemblies through electrostatic, hydrophobic, and π-π stacking interactions. Vesicles are one of the important self-assemblies which mimic cellular membranes, and thus have biological application as a drug carrier. Moreover, vesicles can act as a suitable microreactor for nanoparticle synthesis.
在过去二十年中，研究人员广泛研究了使用带相反电荷的表面活性剂形成高度稳定且有序的超分子组装体。此后，表面活性离子液体（SAILs），一类特殊的室温离子液体（RTILs），取代了表面活性剂以形成各种超分子聚集体。因此，在过去十年中，超分子聚集体（胶束、混合胶束和囊泡组装体）的构建单元已从带相反电荷的表面活性剂/表面活性剂对转变为表面活性剂/SAIL和SAIL/SAIL对。还发现各种生物分子也能与SAILs相互作用以构建具有生物学重要性的超分子组装体。这种离子对组合中最新加入的是具有长疏水链部分以及亲水性离子头基的染料分子。因此，染料/表面活性剂或染料/SAIL对也通过静电、疏水和π-π堆积相互作用产生不同的组装体。囊泡是模仿细胞膜的重要自组装体之一，因此作为药物载体具有生物学应用。此外，囊泡可作为纳米颗粒合成的合适微反应器。
