Self-Formed Channel Devices Based on Vertically Grown 2D Materials with Large-Surface-Area and Their Potential for Chemical Sensor Applications.

2D layered materials with sensitive surfaces are promising materials for use in chemical sensing devices, owing to their extremely large surface-to-volume ratios. However, most chemical sensors based on 2D materials are used in the form of laterally defined active channels, in which the active area is limited to the actual device dimensions. Therefore, a novel approach for fabricating self-formed active-channel devices is proposed based on 2D semiconductor materials with very large surface areas, and their potential gas sensing ability is examined. First, the vertical growth phenomenon of SnS nanocrystals is investigated with large surface area via metal-assisted growth using prepatterned metal electrodes, and then self-formed active-channel devices are suggested without additional pattering through the selective synthesis of SnS nanosheets on prepatterned metal electrodes. The self-formed active-channel device exhibits extremely high response values (>2000% at 10 ppm) for NO along with excellent NO selectivity. Moreover, the NO gas response of the gas sensing device with vertically self-formed SnS nanosheets is more than two orders of magnitude higher than that of a similar exfoliated SnS -based device. These results indicate that the facile device fabrication method would be applicable to various systems in which surface area plays an important role.