Institute of Chemistry-Physical Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
Department 1-Analytical Chemistry and Reference Materials, BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
Chemistry. 2018 Jul 20;24(41):10271-10279. doi: 10.1002/chem.201800804. Epub 2018 May 16.
High-energy radiation is used in combination with radiosensitizing therapeutics to treat cancer. The most common radiosensitizers are halogenated nucleosides and cisplatin derivatives, and recently also metal nanoparticles have been suggested as potential radiosensitizing agents. The radiosensitizing action of these compounds can at least partly be ascribed to an enhanced reactivity towards secondary low-energy electrons generated along the radiation track of the high-energy primary radiation, or to an additional emission of secondary reactive electrons close to the tumor tissue. This is referred to as physico-chemical radiosensitization. In this Concept article we present current experimental methods used to study fundamental processes of physico-chemical radiosensitization and discuss the most relevant classes of radiosensitizers. Open questions in the current discussions are identified and future directions outlined, which can lead to optimized treatment protocols or even novel therapeutic concepts.
高能射线与放射增敏治疗联合用于癌症治疗。最常见的放射增敏剂是卤代核苷和顺铂衍生物，最近也有研究表明金属纳米颗粒可能是潜在的放射增敏剂。这些化合物的放射增敏作用至少部分归因于其与高能初级辐射的辐射轨迹中产生的次级低能电子的增强反应性，或者归因于在肿瘤组织附近额外发射次级反应性电子。这被称为物理化学放射增敏作用。在这篇概念文章中，我们介绍了目前用于研究物理化学放射增敏基本过程的实验方法，并讨论了最相关的放射增敏剂类别。确定了当前讨论中的悬而未决的问题，并概述了未来的方向，这可能会导致优化的治疗方案甚至新的治疗概念。
