Phenolic compounds from the aerial parts of L. and their anti-inflammatory activities.

Phytochemical investigations on the EtOH extract of led to the isolation of six flavonoid glycosides, isoorientin (), isoorientin 3'--methyl ether (), quercetin 7--α-L-rhamnopyranoside (), quercetin 3,7-di--α-L-rhamnopyranoside (), manghaslin () and chrysoeriol 7--β-D-glucopyranoside (), one phenylethanol derivative, hydroxytyrosol (), along with three phenolic acids, caffeic acid (), ()--coumaric acid () and -hydroxybenzoic acid (). The structures of the isolates were elucidated on the basis of NMR and HR-MS data. All compounds were isolated from for the first time. Compounds and showed significant anti-inflammatory activity at 100 μM by reducing the release of NO in LPS-stimulated macrophages comparable to positive control indomethacin. Compounds and exhibited anti-inflammatory activity through lowering the levels of TNF-α while , and decreased the levels of neopterin better than the positive controls.