Rakhra Aadesh K, Mann Danny D
University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba.
J Agric Saf Health. 2018 Jan 29;24(1):27-42. doi: 10.13031/jash.12410.
If a user-centered approach is not used to design information displays, the quantity and quality of information presented to the user may not match the needs of the user, or it may exceed the capability of the human operator for processing and using that information. The result may be an excessive mental workload and reduced situation awareness of the operator, which can negatively affect the machine performance and operational outcomes. The increasing use of technology in agricultural machines may expose the human operator to excessive and undesirable information if the operator's information needs and information processing capabilities are ignored. In this study, a user-centered approach was used to design specific interface elements for an agricultural air seeder. Designs of the interface elements were evaluated in a laboratory environment by developing high-fidelity prototypes. Evaluations of the user interface elements yielded significant improvement in situation awareness (up to 11%; overall mean difference = 5.0 (4.8%), 95% CI (6.4728, 3.5939), p 0.0001). Mental workload was reduced by up to 19.7% (overall mean difference = -5.2 (-7.9%), n = 30, a = 0.05). Study participants rated the overall performance of the newly designed user-centered interface elements higher in comparison to the previous designs (overall mean difference = 27.3 (189.8%), 99% CI (35.150, 19.384), p 0.0001.
如果未采用以用户为中心的方法来设计信息显示，那么呈现给用户的信息数量和质量可能不符合用户需求，或者可能超出人类操作员处理和使用该信息的能力。结果可能是操作员的脑力工作量过大且态势感知能力下降，这会对机器性能和操作结果产生负面影响。如果忽视操作员的信息需求和信息处理能力，农业机械中技术应用的增加可能会使操作员接触到过多且不良的信息。在本研究中，采用以用户为中心的方法为农业气吸式播种机设计特定的界面元素。通过开发高保真原型在实验室环境中对界面元素的设计进行评估。对用户界面元素的评估使态势感知能力有了显著提高（提高了11%；总体平均差异 = 5.0(4.8%)，95%置信区间(6.4728, 3.5939)，p < 0.0001）。脑力工作量最多减少了19.7%（总体平均差异 = -5.2(-7.9%)，n = 30，α = 0.05）。与之前的设计相比，研究参与者对新设计的以用户为中心的界面元素的整体性能评价更高（总体平均差异 = 27.3(189.8%)，99%置信区间(35.150, 19.384)，p < 0.0001）。
