Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
Preclinical Research Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Mar 12;19(3):816. doi: 10.3390/ijms19030816.
Anthocyanins, the most prevalent flavonoids in red/purple fruits and vegetables, are known to improve immune responses and reduce chronic disease risks. In this study, the anti-inflammatory activities of an anthocyanin-rich extract from red Chinese cabbage (ArCC) were shown based on its inhibitory effects in cultured endothelial cells and hyperlipidemic apolipoprotein -deficient mice. ArCC treatment suppressed monocyte adhesion to tumor necrosis factor-α-stimulated endothelial cells. This was validated by ArCC's ability to downregulate the expression and transcription of endothelial adhesion molecules, determined by immunoblot and luciferase promoter assays, respectively. The regulation of adhesion molecules was accompanied by transcriptional inhibition of nuclear factor-κB, which restricted cytoplasmic localization as shown by immunocytochemistry. Administration of ArCC (150 or 300 mg/kg/day) inhibited aortic inflammation in hyperlipidemic apolipoprotein E-deficient mice, as shown by in vivo imaging. Immunohistochemistry and plasma analysis showed that the aortas from these mice exhibited markedly lower leukocyte infiltration, reduced plaque formation, and lower concentrations of blood inflammatory cytokines than those observed in the control mice. The results suggest that the consumption of anthocyanin-rich red Chinese cabbage is closely correlated with lowering the risk of vascular inflammatory diseases.
花色苷是红色/紫色水果和蔬菜中最常见的类黄酮，已知其能够改善免疫反应并降低慢性疾病风险。本研究基于花色苷对培养的内皮细胞和高脂血症载脂蛋白缺陷小鼠的抑制作用，表明富含花色苷的红甘蓝提取物具有抗炎活性。红甘蓝提取物可抑制单核细胞黏附于肿瘤坏死因子-α刺激的内皮细胞，这可通过免疫印迹和荧光素酶启动子测定分别评估内皮黏附分子的表达和转录下调得到验证。黏附分子的调节伴随着核因子-κB 的转录抑制，免疫细胞化学显示其限制了细胞质定位。给予红甘蓝提取物（150 或 300mg/kg/天）可抑制高脂血症载脂蛋白 E 缺陷小鼠的主动脉炎症，这可通过体内成像观察到。免疫组织化学和血浆分析显示，与对照组小鼠相比，这些小鼠的主动脉白细胞浸润明显减少，斑块形成减少，血液炎症细胞因子浓度降低。这些结果表明，富含花色苷的红甘蓝的消费与降低血管炎症性疾病的风险密切相关。
