Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK.
Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2018 May;88:51-62. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.03.001. Epub 2018 Mar 11.
Neuronal connections form the physical basis for communication in the brain. Recently, there has been much interest in mapping the "connectome" to understand how brain structure gives rise to brain function, and ultimately, to behaviour. These attempts to map the connectome have largely assumed that connections are stable once formed. Recent studies, however, indicate that connections in mammalian brains may undergo rewiring during learning and experience-dependent plasticity. This suggests that the connectome is more dynamic than previously thought. To what extent can neural circuitry be rewired in the healthy adult brain? The connectome has been subdivided into multiple levels of scale, from synapses and microcircuits through to long-range tracts. Here, we examine the evidence for rewiring at each level. We then consider the role played by rewiring during learning. We conclude that harnessing rewiring offers new avenues to treat brain diseases.
神经元连接构成了大脑中信息交流的物理基础。最近，人们对绘制“连接组”图谱很感兴趣，旨在了解大脑结构如何产生大脑功能，最终了解行为。这些尝试在很大程度上假设连接一旦形成就稳定不变。然而，最近的研究表明，在学习和经验依赖性可塑性过程中，哺乳动物大脑中的连接可能会发生重新布线。这表明连接组比以前认为的更具动态性。在健康的成年大脑中，神经回路能在多大程度上被重新布线？连接组已经被细分为多个尺度层次，从突触和微电路到长程束。在这里，我们检查了每个层次重新布线的证据。然后，我们考虑了在学习过程中重新布线所起的作用。我们得出的结论是，利用重新布线为治疗脑部疾病提供了新的途径。
