Direction de la santé environnementale et de la toxicologie, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, 945, Avenue Wolfe, Québec, QC, G1V 5B3, Canada.
Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
Curr Environ Health Rep. 2018 Jun;5(2):255-262. doi: 10.1007/s40572-018-0193-0.
Lead can enter drinking water from lead service lines and lead-containing plumbing, particularly in the presence of corrosive water. We review the current evidence on the role of drinking water as a source of lead exposure and its potential impacts on health, with an emphasis on children. Drinking water guidelines and mitigation strategies are also presented.
The impact of lead on neurodevelopmental effects in children even at low levels of exposure is well established. Population and toxicokinetic modeling studies have found a clear relationship between water lead levels and blood lead levels in children at low levels of lead in drinking water. Various mitigation strategies can lower lead levels in water. The importance of drinking water as a contributor to total lead exposure depends on water lead levels and the amount consumed, as well as the relative contribution of other sources. Efforts should be made to reduce lead exposure for all sources, including drinking water, considering that no threshold level of exposure exists for the neurodevelopmental effects of lead in children.
目的综述：铅可通过含铅供水管线和管道进入饮用水，尤其在水质腐蚀性较强时更容易发生。我们综述了饮用水作为铅暴露源的作用及其对健康的潜在影响的现有证据，重点是儿童。我们还提出了饮用水指南和缓解策略。
最近发现：即使在低水平暴露的情况下，铅对儿童神经发育的影响也已得到充分证实。人群和毒代动力学模型研究发现，在儿童饮用水中铅含量较低的情况下，水中铅含量与儿童血铅水平之间存在明显关系。各种缓解策略可以降低水中的铅含量。饮用水作为总铅暴露的一个来源的重要性取决于水铅含量、消耗量以及其他来源的相对贡献。应努力减少所有来源的铅暴露，包括饮用水，因为在儿童的铅神经发育效应方面，不存在可接受的暴露阈值水平。
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