Meyer I, Heinrich J, Trepka M J, Krause C, Schulz C, Meyer E, Lippold U
GSF Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit, Institut für Epidemiologie, Neuherberg, Germany.
Sci Total Environ. 1998 Jan 19;209(2-3):255-71.
Hettstedt, a city in eastern Germany with a long history of mining and smelting of non-ferrous ores, has multiple lead waste deposits and the remains of a former lead smelter and a copper-silver smelter. As part of a cross-sectional study, an analysis of lead concentrations in drinking water and in blood was undertaken to determine the impact of lead in drinking water on the internal burden of lead in children. The geometric mean of blood lead levels among children 5-14 years old was 35.0 micrograms/l with a 95% confidence interval (C.I.) of 33.4-36.7. The geometric mean of lead in the random tap water samples was 0.5 microgram/l (95% C.I., 0.5-0.6) and 0.7 microgram/l (95% C.I., 0.6-0.8) in the stagnant tap water samples. Blood lead levels were somewhat correlated with the random water measures but not the stagnant water measures (random sample: r = 0.12, P = 0.012; stagnant sample: r = 0.04, P = 0.396). After adjustment for relevant confounders, lead in drinking water (random sample) was not significantly associated with blood lead levels. Factors that were significantly associated with blood lead included gender, the city area of residence, lead in house dust, regular contact with dogs and dirtiness of the child after playing outdoors. Based on this study, lead in domestic tap water contributed little to the lead exposure of children in the lead contaminated region of Hettstedt.
黑特斯泰德是德国东部一座有着悠久有色金属矿开采和冶炼历史的城市，有多处铅废料沉积物以及一座 former铅冶炼厂和一座铜银冶炼厂的遗迹。作为一项横断面研究的一部分，对饮用水和血液中的铅浓度进行了分析，以确定饮用水中的铅对儿童体内铅负荷的影响。5至14岁儿童的血铅水平几何平均值为35.0微克/升，95%置信区间（C.I.）为33.4 - 36.7。随机自来水样本中铅的几何平均值为0.5微克/升（95% C.I.，0.5 - 0.6），死水样本中为0.7微克/升（95% C.I.，0.6 - 0.8）。血铅水平与随机水样有一定相关性，但与死水样本无相关性（随机样本：r = 0.12，P = 0.012；死水样本：r = 0.04，P = 0.396）。在对相关混杂因素进行调整后，饮用水中的铅（随机样本）与血铅水平无显著关联。与血铅显著相关的因素包括性别、居住的城市区域、室内灰尘中的铅、经常接触狗以及儿童户外玩耍后的脏污程度。基于这项研究，家庭自来水中的铅对黑特斯泰德铅污染地区儿童的铅暴露贡献不大。 注：原文中“former”未翻译完整，根据语境推测可能是“以前的”意思。
