Wan Neng, Siahpush Mohammad, Shaikh Raees A, McCarthy Molly, Ramos Athena, Correa Antonia
University of Utah, 332 S 1400 E, RM. 217, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112-9155, USA.
University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984365 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-4365, USA.
J Prim Prev. 2018 Jun;39(3):191-203. doi: 10.1007/s10935-018-0506-y.
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) marketing expenditure is skyrocketing in the United States. However, little is understood about the geographic and socio-demographic patterns of e-cigarette advertising. We examined the associations between point-of-sale (POS) e-cigarette advertising and neighborhood socio-demographic characteristics in the Omaha Metropolitan Area of Nebraska. In 2014, fieldworkers collected comprehensive POS e-cigarette advertising data from all stores that sell tobacco (n = 463) in the Omaha Metropolitan Area. We used Geographic Information Systems to map POS e-cigarette advertisement density for the entire study area. Linear regression was used to examine the association between socio-demographic factors and POS e-cigarette advertising density. E-cigarette advertising density exhibited an obviously uneven geographic pattern in Omaha. Higher level of POS e-cigarette advertising was significantly related to lower median household income, higher percentage of Hispanics, and higher percentage of young adults. However, after adjusting for covariates, only median household income remained significantly associated with POS e-cigarette advertising. We found geographic, socioeconomic, and racial and ethnic disparities in exposure to POS e-cigarette advertising in Omaha, Nebraska. Future studies are needed to understand how these disparities influence e-cigarette adoption by different social groups and how to use such information to inform e-cigarette prevention strategies.
在美国，电子烟的营销支出正在急剧飙升。然而，对于电子烟广告的地理分布和社会人口统计学模式，人们了解甚少。我们研究了内布拉斯加州奥马哈都会区的销售点（POS）电子烟广告与邻里社会人口特征之间的关联。2014年，实地工作人员从奥马哈都会区所有销售烟草的商店（n = 463）收集了全面的POS电子烟广告数据。我们使用地理信息系统绘制了整个研究区域的POS电子烟广告密度图。线性回归用于检验社会人口因素与POS电子烟广告密度之间的关联。在奥马哈，电子烟广告密度呈现出明显不均衡的地理模式。较高水平的POS电子烟广告与较低的家庭收入中位数、较高的西班牙裔百分比以及较高的年轻人百分比显著相关。然而，在对协变量进行调整后，只有家庭收入中位数仍与POS电子烟广告显著相关。我们在内布拉斯加州奥马哈发现了接触POS电子烟广告方面的地理、社会经济以及种族和民族差异。未来需要开展研究，以了解这些差异如何影响不同社会群体对电子烟的采用，以及如何利用此类信息为电子烟预防策略提供参考。
