Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2017 Dec;31(6):607-618. doi: 10.1016/j.bpg.2017.09.010. Epub 2017 Sep 5.
Advances in research techniques have made it possible to map the microbial communities in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, where the majority of bacteria in the human body reside. Disturbances in these communities are referred to as dysbiosis and have been associated with GI cancers. Although dysbiosis is observed in several GI malignancies, the specific role of these changes has not been understood to the extent of Helicobacter pylori (HP) in gastric cancer (GC). This review will address the bacterial communities along the GI tract, from the oral cavity to the anal canal, particularly focusing on bacterial dysbiosis and carcinogenesis. Just as non-HP bacteria in the stomach may interact with HP in gastric carcinogenesis, the same may hold true for other GI tract malignancies, where an interplay between microbes in carcinogenesis seems conceivable, especially in colorectal cancer (CRC). In the last part of this review we will discuss the potential mechanisms of bacterial dysbiosis in GI carcinogenesis.
研究技术的进步使得绘制胃肠道（GI）中微生物群落的图谱成为可能，人体的大部分细菌都存在于胃肠道中。这些群落的紊乱被称为菌群失调，与 GI 癌症有关。尽管在几种 GI 恶性肿瘤中观察到了菌群失调，但这些变化的具体作用还没有像幽门螺杆菌（HP）在胃癌（GC）中那样被理解。这篇综述将讨论从口腔到肛门的整个胃肠道中的细菌群落，特别关注细菌菌群失调与致癌作用。正如胃中的非 HP 细菌可能与胃中的 HP 在胃癌发生中相互作用一样，其他胃肠道恶性肿瘤也可能如此，在这些肿瘤中，致癌作用中的微生物相互作用似乎是可以想象的，尤其是在结直肠癌（CRC）中。在这篇综述的最后一部分，我们将讨论 GI 致癌作用中细菌菌群失调的潜在机制。
