Unit for OCD, Department of Psychiatry, Villa Margherita Private Hospital, Vicenza, Italy.
Italian Institute for Mindfulness, Vicenza, Italy.
Psychol Psychother. 2019 Mar;92(1):112-130. doi: 10.1111/papt.12180. Epub 2018 Mar 25.
To explore differences in mindfulness facets among patients with a diagnosis of either obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), major depressive disorder (MDD), or borderline personality disorder (BPD), and healthy controls (HC), and their associations with clinical features.
One hundred and fifty-three patients and 50 HC underwent a clinical assessment including measures of mindfulness (Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire - FFMQ), psychopathological symptoms (Symptom Check List-90-R), dissociation (Dissociative Experience Scale), alexithymia (Alexithymia Scale 20), and depression (Beck Depression Inventory-II). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were performed to assess differences in mindfulness scores and their associations with clinical features.
The three diagnostic groups scored lower on all mindfulness facets (apart from FFMQobserving) compared to the HC group. OCD group had a significant higher FFMQ total score (FFMQ-TS) and FFMQacting with awareness compared to the BPD group, and scored higher on FFMQdescribing compared to BPD and MDD groups. The scores in non-judging facet were significantly lower in all the three diagnostic groups compared to the HC group. Interestingly, higher FFMQ-TS was inversely related to all psychological measures, regardless of diagnostic group.
Deficits in mindfulness skills were present in all diagnostic groups. Furthermore, we found disease-specific relationships between some mindfulness facets and specific psychological variables. Clinical implications are discussed.
The study showed deficits in mindfulness scores in all diagnostic groups compared to a healthy control group. Overall, mindfulness construct has a significantly negative association with indexes of global distress, dissociative symptoms, alexithymia, and depression. Mindfulness-based interventions in clinical settings should take into account different patterns of mindfulness skills and their impact on disease-specific maladaptive cognitive strategies or symptomatology.
探讨诊断为强迫症（OCD）、重性抑郁障碍（MDD）或边缘型人格障碍（BPD）的患者与健康对照者（HC）之间的正念各维度差异及其与临床特征的关系。
153 名患者和 50 名 HC 接受了临床评估，包括正念评估（五因素正念量表-FFMQ）、心理病理学症状（症状检查表-90-R）、解离（解离体验量表）、述情障碍（20 项述情障碍量表）和抑郁（贝克抑郁量表-II）。采用方差分析（ANOVA）和协方差分析（ANCOVA）评估正念评分的差异及其与临床特征的关系。
与 HC 组相比，三组诊断组在所有正念维度（FFMQ 观察维度除外）的得分均较低。与 BPD 组相比，OCD 组的 FFMQ 总分（FFMQ-TS）和 FFMQ 意识行动维度得分较高，且 FFMQ 描述维度得分高于 BPD 和 MDD 组。与 HC 组相比，所有诊断组的非评判维度得分均显著较低。有趣的是，无论诊断组如何，较高的 FFMQ-TS 与所有心理测量指标均呈负相关。
所有诊断组的正念技能均存在缺陷。此外，我们发现一些正念维度与特定的心理变量之间存在特定疾病的关系。讨论了临床意义。
本研究显示，与健康对照组相比，所有诊断组的正念评分均存在缺陷。总体而言，正念结构与整体困扰、解离症状、述情障碍和抑郁的指标呈显著负相关。在临床环境中，正念干预应考虑不同模式的正念技能及其对特定疾病的适应不良认知策略或症状学的影响。
