Department of Anthropology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
Department of Anthropology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
Biol Lett. 2018 Mar;14(3). doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2018.0030.
Cooperatively breeding common marmosets show substantial variation in the amount of help they provide. Pay-to-stay and social prestige models of helping attribute this variation to audience effects, i.e. that individuals help more if group members can witness their interactions with immatures, whereas models of kin selection, group augmentation or those stressing the need to gain parenting experience do not predict any audience effects. We quantified the readiness of adult marmosets to share food in the presence or absence of other group members. Contrary to both predictions, we found a audience effect on food-sharing behaviour: marmosets would systematically share food with immatures when was present. Thus, helping in common marmosets, at least in related family groups, does not support the pay-to-stay or the social prestige model, and helpers do not take advantage of the opportunity to engage in reputation management. Rather, the results appear to reflect a genuine concern for the immatures' well-being, which seems particularly strong when solely responsible for the immatures.
合作繁殖的普通狨猴在提供帮助的数量上存在显著差异。付费停留和社会声望模型将这种差异归因于受众效应，即如果群体成员可以目睹他们与幼崽的互动，个体就会提供更多帮助，而亲属选择、群体增强或强调获得育儿经验的必要性的模型则不会预测任何受众效应。我们量化了成年狨猴在有或没有其他群体成员在场的情况下分享食物的准备情况。与这两种预测都相反，我们发现食物分享行为存在受众效应：当存在时，狨猴会系统地与幼崽分享食物。因此，在普通狨猴中，至少在有亲缘关系的家族群体中，帮助并不支持付费停留或社会声望模型，而且帮助者不会利用这个机会来进行声誉管理。相反，结果似乎反映了对幼崽福祉的真正关注，当个体对幼崽负有单独责任时，这种关注似乎尤为强烈。
