Korn Christoph W, Heekeren Hauke R, Oganian Yulia
1 Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
2 Institute for Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2019 Jan;72(1):52-59. doi: 10.1177/1747021818769259. Epub 2018 May 1.
Decision-making biases, in particular the framing effect, can be altered in foreign language settings (foreign language effect) and following switching between languages (the language switching effect on framing). Recently, it has been suggested that the framing effect is only affected by foreign language use if the task is presented in a rich textual form. Here, we assess whether an elaborate verbal task is also a prerequisite for the language switching effect on framing. We employed a financial gambling task that induces a robust framing effect but is less verbal than the classical framing paradigms (e.g., the Asian disease problem). We conducted an online experiment ( n = 485), where we orthogonally manipulated language use and language switching between trials. The results showed no effects of foreign language use or language switching throughout the experiment. This online result was confirmed in a laboratory experiment ( n = 27). Overall, we find that language switching does not reduce the framing effect in a paradigm with little verbal content and thus that language switching effects seem contingent on the amount of verbal processing required.
决策偏差，尤其是框架效应，在外语环境中（外语效应）以及在语言切换后（语言切换对框架的影响）可能会发生改变。最近，有人提出，只有当任务以丰富的文本形式呈现时，框架效应才会受到外语使用的影响。在此，我们评估一项详尽的语言任务是否也是语言切换对框架产生影响的前提条件。我们采用了一项金融赌博任务，该任务会引发强烈的框架效应，但相比经典的框架范式（如亚洲疾病问题），其语言性较弱。我们进行了一项在线实验（n = 485），在实验过程中我们对语言使用和语言切换进行了正交操纵。结果显示，在整个实验过程中，外语使用或语言切换均未产生影响。这一在线实验结果在一项实验室实验（n = 27）中得到了证实。总体而言，我们发现，在一个语言内容较少的范式中，语言切换并不会降低框架效应，因此语言切换效应似乎取决于所需的语言处理量。
