O'Connor L, Walton J, Flynn A
School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK.
J Hum Nutr Diet. 2014 Dec;27(6):550-6. doi: 10.1111/jhn.12189. Epub 2013 Dec 6.
Despite evidence that even mild dehydration is associated with various morbidities, water intake estimates in free-living populations are lacking. The present study aimed to estimate water intakes and dietary sources in a nationally representative sample of the Irish adult population.
A 4-day semi-weighed food record was used to collect dietary intake data from 1500 free-living adults aged 18-90 years in the Irish National Adult Nutrition Survey (NANS) (2008-2010) from which water intake was estimated. To enable fluid intake estimation, additional questions on how water and milk were consumed were incorporated. Total water intake was calculated as drinking water plus water from other beverages and food moisture.
The mean (SD) daily total water intake for Irish adults was 2.31 (0.92) L day(-1) [males 2.52 (1.00) L day(-1) ; females 2.09 (0.79) L day(-1)]. Intakes were lowest in elderly adults, as well as in those with less education, a lower social class, less energy expenditure and a higher body mass index and body fat percentage. In total, 67% of water came from beverages and 33% came from food moisture. Alcoholic beverages and teas individually contributed to total water intake in amounts similar to the drinking water contribution.
These data may be used as a foundation for further research in the area of the effect of under consumption of water on health outcomes to guide public health messages regarding adequate water intakes.
尽管有证据表明即使轻度脱水也与多种疾病相关，但对于自由生活人群的饮水量估计却很缺乏。本研究旨在估计爱尔兰成年人群体中有全国代表性样本的饮水量及其饮食来源。
在爱尔兰国家成人营养调查（NANS）（2008 - 2010年）中，使用了一份为期4天的半称重食物记录来收集1500名年龄在18 - 90岁的自由生活成年人的饮食摄入数据，据此估计饮水量。为了能够估计液体摄入量，纳入了关于水和牛奶饮用方式的额外问题。总饮水量计算为饮用水加上其他饮料中的水以及食物中的水分。
爱尔兰成年人的平均（标准差）每日总饮水量为2.31（0.92）升/天[男性为2.52（1.00）升/天；女性为2.09（0.79）升/天]。老年人以及受教育程度较低、社会阶层较低、能量消耗较少、体重指数和体脂百分比较高的人群摄入量最低。总体而言，67%的水来自饮料，33%来自食物中的水分。酒精饮料和茶对总饮水量的贡献量与饮用水的贡献量相似。
这些数据可作为进一步研究水摄入不足对健康结果影响领域的基础，以指导关于充足饮水量的公共卫生信息。
