Kant Ashima K, Graubard Barry I, Atchison Elizabeth A
Department of Family, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, 11367, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Sep;90(3):655-63. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27749. Epub 2009 Jul 29.
There is a surprising paucity of studies that have systematically examined the correlates of water intake in the US population.
The objective was to examine the association of contributors of water intake with dietary characteristics, meal consumption, and body weight in the US population.
We used 24-h dietary recall data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2004 (n = 12,283) and the NHANES 2005-2006 (n = 4112) to examine the independent association of intakes of plain water, beverage moisture, food moisture, and total water with sociodemographic factors, dietary characteristics (energy, nutrients, diet quality, and energy density), and meal patterns (number of eating episodes, mention of breakfast or snack) by using multiple regression methods.
In 2005-2006, American adults reported consuming 3.18 L of total water within the previous 24 h (in 1999-2004, estimated total water intake was 3.35 L), with plain water and beverages contributing 33% and 48% of the total, respectively. Plain water intake was unrelated to the intake of energy and body mass index but was positively related to dietary fiber and inversely related to beverages, sugars, and the energy density of foods; these associations were in the opposite direction for beverage moisture intake. Total water intake was inversely related to energy from fat and energy density but positively related to dietary fiber, caffeine, alcohol, and diet quality. The number of eating episodes predicted higher beverage and food moisture and total water intakes. A higher body mass index predicted higher intakes of beverage moisture and total water.
Various contributors of total water intake differed in their association with dietary characteristics and body weight in the adult US population.
系统研究美国人群水摄入量相关因素的研究少得惊人。
研究美国人群水摄入量的影响因素与饮食特征、进餐情况及体重之间的关联。
我们使用了1999 - 2004年美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）（n = 12283）和2005 - 2006年NHANES（n = 4112）的24小时饮食回忆数据，通过多元回归方法研究白水、饮料水分、食物水分和总水分摄入量与社会人口学因素、饮食特征（能量、营养素、饮食质量和能量密度）以及进餐模式（进餐次数、提及早餐或零食）之间的独立关联。
在2005 - 2006年，美国成年人报告在前24小时内摄入总水量为3.18升（1999 - 2004年估计总水摄入量为3.35升），其中白水和饮料分别占总摄入量的33%和48%。白水摄入量与能量摄入量和体重指数无关，但与膳食纤维呈正相关，与饮料、糖和食物能量密度呈负相关；饮料水分摄入量的这些关联方向相反。总水摄入量与来自脂肪的能量和能量密度呈负相关，但与膳食纤维、咖啡因、酒精和饮食质量呈正相关。进餐次数越多，预测饮料、食物水分和总水摄入量越高。体重指数越高，预测饮料水分和总水摄入量越高。
在美国成年人群中，总水摄入量的各种影响因素与饮食特征和体重的关联各不相同。
