Lee Hye Ah, Hwang Hyo Jeong, Oh Se Young, Park Eun Ae, Cho Su Jin, Kim Hae Soon, Park Hyesook
Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Korea.
Biomaterials Research Institute, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea.
Nutrients. 2016 Dec 23;9(1):4. doi: 10.3390/nu9010004.
This study was performed to examine how childhood dietary patterns change over the short term and which changes in diet-related behaviors influence later changes in individual dietary patterns. Using food frequency questionnaire data obtained from children at 7 and 9 years of age from the Ewha Birth and Growth Cohort, we examined dietary patterns by principal component analysis. We calculated the individual changes in dietary pattern scores. Changes in dietary habits such as eating a variety of food over two years were defined as "increased", "stable", or "decreased". The dietary patterns, termed "healthy intake", "animal food intake", and "snack intake", were similar at 7 and 9 years of age. These patterns explained 32.3% and 39.1% of total variation at the ages of 7 and 9 years, respectively. The tracking coefficient of snack intake had the highest coefficient (γ = 0.53) and that of animal food intake had the lowest (γ = 0.21). Intra-individual stability in dietary habits ranged from 0.23 to 0.47, based on the sex-adjusted weighted kappa values. Of the various behavioral factors, eating breakfast every day was most common in the "stable" group (83.1%), whereas consuming milk or dairy products every day was the least common (49.0%). Moreover, changes in behavior that improved the consumption of milk or dairy products or encouraged the consumption of vegetables with every meal had favorable effects on changes in healthy dietary pattern scores over two years. However, those with worsened habits, such as less food variety and more than two portions of fried or stir-fried food every week, had unfavorable effects on changes in healthy dietary pattern scores. Our results suggest that diet-related behaviors can change, even over a short period, and these changes can affect changes in dietary pattern.
本研究旨在探讨儿童饮食模式在短期内如何变化，以及与饮食相关行为的哪些变化会影响个体饮食模式的后续变化。利用从梨花出生与成长队列中7岁和9岁儿童获得的食物频率问卷数据，我们通过主成分分析研究了饮食模式。我们计算了饮食模式得分的个体变化。将两年内饮食习惯的变化，如食用多种食物的情况，定义为“增加”、“稳定”或“减少”。在7岁和9岁时，被称为“健康摄入量”、“动物性食物摄入量”和“零食摄入量”的饮食模式相似。这些模式分别解释了7岁和9岁时总变异的32.3%和39.1%。零食摄入量的追踪系数最高（γ = 0.53），动物性食物摄入量的追踪系数最低（γ = 0.21）。根据性别调整后的加权kappa值，饮食习惯的个体内稳定性在0.23至0.47之间。在各种行为因素中，每天吃早餐在“稳定”组中最为常见（83.1%），而每天食用牛奶或乳制品最不常见（49.0%）。此外，行为上的改变，如增加牛奶或乳制品的摄入量或鼓励每餐食用蔬菜，对两年内健康饮食模式得分的变化有积极影响。然而，那些饮食习惯变差的人，如食物种类减少和每周食用超过两份油炸或炒菜，对健康饮食模式得分的变化有不利影响。我们的研究结果表明，与饮食相关的行为即使在短期内也会发生变化，而且这些变化会影响饮食模式的变化。
