Krusinska Beata, Kowalkowska Joanna, Wadolowska Lidia, Wuenstel Justyna Weronika, Slowinska Malgorzata Anna, Niedzwiedzka Ewa
Department of Human Nutrition, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Sloneczna 45F, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
Nutrients. 2017 Jun 10;9(6):590. doi: 10.3390/nu9060590.
There is no complete explanation for the association between socioeconomic status (SES), fibre, and whole diet described by dietary patterns. The aim of this short report was to increase the understanding of adolescent dietary patterns related to fibre in their social context. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 1176 adolescents aged 13-18 years from central and north-eastern Poland. The overall SES was composed of five single factors: place of residence, self-declared economic situation of family, self-declared economic situation of household, paternal and maternal education. The consumption frequency of nine dietary fibre sources was collected using Block's questionnaire and was expressed in points. Fibre dietary patterns (DPs) were drawn by cluster analysis and odds ratios (ORs) adjusted for age, sex, and BMI were calculated. Three fibre-related DPs were identified: "High-fibre" (mean frequency of total fibre intake 22.7 points; range: 0-36), "Average-fibre" (17.7 points), "Low-fibre" (14.6 points). The "High-fibre" DP was characterized by a relatively higher frequency consumption of white bread, fruit, fruit or vegetable juices, potatoes, green salad and prepared vegetables, and a moderate frequency consumption of high-fibre or bran cereals and wholegrain bread compared to the "Low-fibre" DP. The "Average-fibre" DP was characterized by a relatively higher frequency consumption of wholegrain bread and high-fibre or bran cereals and a moderate frequency consumption of fruit, fruit or vegetable juices, green salad and prepared vegetables compared to the "Low-fibre" DP. Less likely to adhere to the "High-fibre" DP were adolescents with low SES (OR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.39-0.77) or average SES (0.58, 95% CI: 0.41-0.81) in comparison with high SES (reference) as a result of elementary or secondary paternal or maternal education, rural residence, and lower household economic situation. Similar associations were found for the "Average-fibre" DP. Low and average socioeconomic status resulting from lower parents' education, rural residence, and lower economic situation were inversely associated with achieving a relatively high fibre intake in Polish adolescents. Consuming single high-fibre foods was not sufficient to achieve a high-fibre diet in Polish adolescents. These data suggest that the consumption of a wide variety of dietary fibre sources-both relatively high-fibre and low-fibre foods-may help Polish adolescents in achieving a relatively high-fibre diet.
对于饮食模式所描述的社会经济地位（SES）、纤维与整体饮食之间的关联，目前尚无完整的解释。本简短报告的目的是增进对青少年在其社会背景下与纤维相关的饮食模式的理解。开展了一项横断面研究，涉及来自波兰中部和东北部的1176名13 - 18岁的青少年。总体SES由五个单一因素组成：居住地、家庭自我申报的经济状况、家庭自我申报的经济状况、父亲和母亲的教育程度。使用布洛克问卷收集了九种膳食纤维来源的消费频率，并以分数表示。通过聚类分析得出纤维饮食模式（DPs），并计算了经年龄、性别和BMI调整后的比值比（ORs）。确定了三种与纤维相关的DPs：“高纤维”（总纤维摄入量的平均频率为22.7分；范围：0 - 36）、“中等纤维”（17.7分）、“低纤维”（14.6分）。与“低纤维”DP相比，“高纤维”DP的特点是白面包、水果、果汁或蔬菜汁、土豆、绿色沙拉和加工蔬菜的消费频率相对较高，高纤维或麸皮谷物以及全麦面包的消费频率适中。与高SES（作为参照，因父亲或母亲的初等或中等教育、农村居住以及较低的家庭经济状况导致）相比，低SES（OR：0.55，95%CI：0.39 - 0.77）或中等SES（0.58，95%CI：0.41 - 0.81）的青少年不太可能坚持“高纤维”DP。对于“中等纤维”DP也发现了类似的关联。父母教育程度较低、农村居住以及经济状况较低导致的低和中等社会经济地位与波兰青少年实现相对较高的纤维摄入量呈负相关。在波兰青少年中，食用单一的高纤维食物不足以实现高纤维饮食。这些数据表明，食用多种膳食纤维来源——包括相对高纤维和低纤维的食物——可能有助于波兰青少年实现相对高纤维的饮食。
