Pires Flávio O, Silva-Júnior Fernando L, Brietzke Cayque, Franco-Alvarenga Paulo E, Pinheiro Fabiano A, de França Nanci M, Teixeira Silmar, Meireles Santos Tony
Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Human Movement Science and Rehabilitation Program, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil.
Front Physiol. 2018 Mar 16;9:227. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00227. eCollection 2018.
We sought to verify if alterations in prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation and psychological responses would play along with impairments in pacing and performance of mentally fatigued cyclists. Eight recreational cyclists performed two preliminary sessions to familiarize them with the rapid visual information processing (RVP) test, psychological scales and 20 km cycling time trial (TT) (session 1), as well as to perform a VO test (session 2). Thereafter, they performed a TT either after a RVP test (30 min) or a time-matched rest control session (session 3 and 4 in counterbalanced order). Performance and psychological responses were obtained throughout the TT while PFC electroencephalography (EEG) was obtained at 10 and 20 km of the TT and throughout the RVP test. Increases in EEG theta band power indicated a mental fatigue condition. Repeated-measures mixed models design and effect size (ES) were used in comparisons. Cyclists completed the trial ~2.7% slower in mental fatigue (34.3 ± 1.3 min) than in control (33.4 ± 1.1 min, = 0.02, very large ES), with a lower W (224.5 ± 17.9 W vs. 240.2 ± 20.9 W, respectively; = 0.03; extremely large ES). There was a higher EEG theta band power during RVP test ( = 0.03; extremely large ES), which remained during the TT ( = 0.01; extremely large ES). RPE increased steeper in mental fatigue than in control, together with isolated reductions in motivation at 2th km ( = 0.04; extremely large ES), felt arousal at the 2nd and 4th km ( = 0.01; extremely large ES), and associative thoughts to exercise at the 6th and 16th km ( = 0.02; extremely large ES) of the TT Mentally fatigued recreational cyclists showed impaired performance, altered PFC activation and faster increase in RPE during a TT.
我们试图验证前额叶皮层（PFC）激活和心理反应的改变是否会与精神疲劳的自行车运动员在节奏和表现方面的损伤同时出现。八名休闲自行车运动员进行了两次初步训练，使他们熟悉快速视觉信息处理（RVP）测试、心理量表和20公里自行车计时赛（TT）（第1阶段），以及进行一次VO测试（第2阶段）。此后，他们在RVP测试（30分钟）或时间匹配的休息对照训练后进行一次TT（第3阶段和第4阶段，顺序平衡）。在整个TT过程中获取表现和心理反应，同时在TT的10公里和20公里处以及整个RVP测试过程中获取PFC脑电图（EEG）。EEG θ波段功率增加表明处于精神疲劳状态。比较中使用重复测量混合模型设计和效应大小（ES）。与对照（33.4±1.1分钟，P = 0.02，非常大的ES）相比，精神疲劳的自行车运动员完成试验的速度慢约2.7%（34.3±1.3分钟），功率较低（分别为224.5±17.9瓦和240.2±20.9瓦；P = 0.03；极大的ES）。在RVP测试期间EEG θ波段功率较高（P = 0.03；极大的ES），在TT期间仍然如此（P = 0.01；极大的ES）。与对照相比，精神疲劳时RPE增加得更陡，同时在TT的2公里处动机单独降低（P = 0.04；极大的ES），在第2公里和第4公里处感觉兴奋度降低（P = 0.01；极大的ES），在第6公里和第16公里处与运动相关的想法减少（P = 0.02；极大的ES）。精神疲劳的休闲自行车运动员在TT期间表现受损、PFC激活改变且RPE增加更快。
