Rajagopal Chitra, Harikumar K B
Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India.
Front Oncol. 2018 Mar 20;8:66. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00066. eCollection 2018.
Exosomes are nanovesicles having a maximum size of 150 nm and is a newly emerging focus in various fields of research. Its role in cargo trafficking along with its differential expression is associated with the disrupted homeostasis and provides an opportunity to defend against different diseases like cancer. Furthermore, exosomes are rich in cargos, which contain proteins and nucleic acids that directly reflect the metabolic state of the cells from which it originates. This review summarizes recent studies on tumor-derived exosomes with an overview about biogenesis, their functions and potential of using as diagnostic and prognostic markers. We also discussed the current challenges and microfluidic-based detection approaches that might improve the detection of exosomes in different settings. More intricate studies of the molecular mechanisms in angiogenesis, pre-metastatic niche formation, and metastasis can give more promising insights and novel strategies in oncotherapeutics.
外泌体是最大尺寸为150纳米的纳米囊泡，是各个研究领域中新兴的焦点。它在货物运输中的作用及其差异表达与内环境稳态破坏有关，并为抵御癌症等不同疾病提供了机会。此外，外泌体富含货物，其中包含直接反映其来源细胞代谢状态的蛋白质和核酸。本综述总结了关于肿瘤来源外泌体的最新研究，概述了其生物发生、功能以及用作诊断和预后标志物的潜力。我们还讨论了当前的挑战以及基于微流控的检测方法，这些方法可能会改善在不同环境下对外泌体的检测。对血管生成、前转移微环境形成和转移中分子机制的更深入研究可以在肿瘤治疗中提供更有前景的见解和新策略。
