Pain Bertrand, Kress Clémence, Rival-Gervier Sylvie
Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSERM, INRA, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, U1208, USC1361, Bron, France.
Int J Dev Biol. 2018;62(1-2-3):245-255. doi: 10.1387/ijdb.170322bp.
Pluripotency defines the ability of a cell to self-renew and to differentiate into all embryonic lineages both in vitro and in vivo. This definition was first established mainly with the mouse model and the establishment of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in the 1980's and extended later on to other species including non-human primates and humans. Similarly, chicken ESCs were derived and established in vitro from pregastrulating embryos leading to cells with unique properties at molecular, epigenetic and developmental levels. By comparing the properties of murine, mammalian and avian ESCs and of the more recently discovered induced pluripotential stem (iPS)-derived cells generated in all of these species, avian specificities start to emerge including specific molecular genes, epigenetic mark profiles and original developmental properties. Here, we present common, but also avian-specific elements that contribute to defining avian pluripotency.
多能性定义了细胞在体外和体内自我更新并分化为所有胚胎谱系的能力。这一定义最初主要是基于小鼠模型以及20世纪80年代小鼠胚胎干细胞（ESC）的建立而确立的，后来又扩展到包括非人类灵长类动物和人类在内的其他物种。同样，鸡胚胎干细胞是从原肠胚形成前的胚胎中体外衍生并建立的，从而产生了在分子、表观遗传和发育水平上具有独特特性的细胞。通过比较小鼠、哺乳动物和鸟类胚胎干细胞以及最近在所有这些物种中发现的诱导多能干细胞（iPS）衍生细胞的特性，鸟类的特异性开始显现，包括特定的分子基因、表观遗传标记谱和原始发育特性。在这里，我们展示了有助于定义鸟类多能性的共同元素以及鸟类特有的元素。
