Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Engenharia de Bioprocessos e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
Laboratório de Ecologia Molecular e Parasitologia Evolutiva, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2018 Apr 6;12(4):e0006336. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006336. eCollection 2018 Apr.
Every year about 3 million tourists from around the world visit Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay´s triple border region where the Iguaçu Falls are located. Unfortunately, in recent years an increasing number of autochthonous canine and human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases have been reported. The parasite is Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum and it is transmitted by sand flies (Phlebotominae). To assess the risk factors favorable for the establishment and spread of potential vectors the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention light trap (CDC-light trap) collections were made in the Foz do Iguaçu (FI) and Santa Terezinha de Itaipu (STI) townships and along two transects between them. Our study determined the Phlebotominae fauna, the factors that affect the presence and abundance of Lutzomyia longipalpis and Nyssomyia whitmani, the presence of L. infantum in different sand fly species and which Leishmania species are present in this region. Lutzomyia longipalpis was the prevalent species and its distribution was related to the abundance of dogs. Leishmania infantum was found in Lu. longipalpis, Ny. whitmani, Ny. neivai and a Lutzomyia sp. All the results are discussed within the Stockholm Paradigm and focus on their importance in the elaboration of public health policies in international border areas. This region has all the properties of stable VL endemic foci that can serve as a source of the disease for neighboring municipalities, states and countries. Most of the urban areas of tropical America are propitious for Lu. longipalpis establishment and have large dog populations. Pan American Health Organization´s initiative in supporting the public health policies in the border areas of this study is crucial and laudable. However, if stakeholders do not act quickly in controlling VL in this region, the scenario will inevitable become worse. Moreover, L. (Viannia) braziliensis found in this study supports the need to develop public health policies to avoid the spread of cutaneous leishmaniasis. The consequences of socioeconomic attributes, boundaries and frontiers on the spread of diseases cannot be neglected. For an efficient control, it is essential that urban planning is articulated with the neighboring cities.
每年约有 300 万来自世界各地的游客前往巴西、阿根廷和巴拉圭的三国交界地区，那里有伊瓜苏瀑布。不幸的是，近年来，越来越多的本土犬和人类内脏利什曼病（VL）病例被报告。寄生虫是利什曼原虫（Leishmania），由沙蝇（Phlebotominae）传播。为了评估有利于潜在媒介建立和传播的危险因素，疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）使用诱捕器（CDC-light trap）在伊瓜苏瀑布城（FI）和圣特雷西纳·德伊塔普镇（STI）以及它们之间的两条横截线上进行了采集。我们的研究确定了沙蝇区系，影响长角血蝇和尼氏血蝇存在和丰度的因素，不同沙蝇种类中利什曼原虫的存在情况以及该地区存在哪些利什曼原虫。长角血蝇是优势种，其分布与狗的数量有关。在 Lu. longipalpis、Ny. whitmani、Ny. neivai 和一种卢氏蝇中发现了利什曼原虫婴儿。所有结果都在斯德哥尔摩范式内进行了讨论，并侧重于其在制定国际边境地区公共卫生政策中的重要性。该地区具有稳定的内脏利什曼病地方性流行焦点的所有特征，可作为邻近市镇、州和国家疾病来源。美洲热带地区的大多数城市地区有利于长角血蝇的建立，并且有大量的狗群。泛美卫生组织支持该研究边境地区公共卫生政策的倡议至关重要且值得称赞。然而，如果利益攸关方不迅速采取行动控制该地区的 VL，情况将不可避免地恶化。此外，本研究中发现的 L.（Viannia）braziliensis 支持制定公共卫生政策以避免皮肤利什曼病传播的必要性。社会经济属性、边界和边境对疾病传播的影响不容忽视。为了进行有效的控制，城市规划必须与邻近城市联系起来。
