Research Group HUM943 Laboratory, Department of Didactic of Body Expression, University of Jaén, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación (D-2), Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071, Jaén, Spain.
Research Group HUM943 Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Jaén, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación (D-2), Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071, Jaén, Spain.
Res Dev Disabil. 2018 Jun;77:12-23. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2018.03.015. Epub 2018 Apr 4.
Young people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often have learning and behavioral control difficulties.
The aim of this review is analyse the acute and chronic effect of physical activity (PA) on the cognition and behaviour of children and adolescents with ADHD.
Studies were identified in five databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, ProQuest, Web of Science, and SCOPUS), from January 2000 through to January 2017. A total of 16 interventional studies met the inclusion criteria.
RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: PA practice of 20-30 min (intensity 40-75%) produces a positive acute effect on processing speed, working memory, planning and problem solving in young people with ADHD. However, these effects on behaviour are contradictory and vary depending on age. Chronic PA practice (≥30 min per day, ≥40% intensity, ≥three days per week, ≥five weeks) further improves attention, inhibition, emotional control, behaviour and motor control. The results must be treated with caution, because only 25% of the studies used confounders.
More research is needed to justify the causes of these effects. It is necessary to establish programs with regard to the duration, intensity, kind of exercise, and time of PA to improve cognition and behaviour in young people with ADHD taking into account potential confounders.
患有注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的年轻人通常存在学习和行为控制方面的困难。
本综述旨在分析身体活动（PA）对 ADHD 儿童和青少年认知和行为的急性和慢性影响。
我们在五个数据库（PubMed、SPORTDiscus、ProQuest、Web of Science 和 SCOPUS）中进行了研究检索，时间范围为 2000 年 1 月至 2017 年 1 月。共有 16 项干预研究符合纳入标准。
结果/结论：20-30 分钟（强度 40-75%）的 PA 练习对 ADHD 年轻人的处理速度、工作记忆、计划和解决问题能力具有积极的急性影响。然而，这些对行为的影响是相互矛盾的，并且因年龄而异。慢性 PA 练习（每天至少 30 分钟，强度至少 40%，每周至少 3 天，至少 5 周）可进一步改善注意力、抑制、情绪控制、行为和运动控制。由于只有 25%的研究考虑了混杂因素，因此必须谨慎对待这些结果。
需要进一步的研究来证明这些影响的原因。有必要制定关于持续时间、强度、运动类型和 PA 时间的方案，以改善患有 ADHD 的年轻人的认知和行为，同时考虑到潜在的混杂因素。
