Plant Virology Research Center, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
Research Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2018 Jul 1;167:20-27. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.03.026. Epub 2018 Mar 26.
Nanoparticles have been gained much attention for biomedical applications. A promising type of nanocarriers is viral nanoparticles (VNPs) which are natural bio-nanomaterials derived from different type of viruses. Amongst VNPs, plant VNPs present several pros over general nanoparticles such as liposomes, dendrimers or quantum dots. Some of these advantages include: degradability, safety for human, known structures to atomic level, possibility of attaching ligand with vigorous control on structure, availability for genetic and chemical manipulations and very flexible methods to prepare them. Variety of plant viruses have been modified by chemical and genetic modification of their inner cavities and their outer-surfaces. These modifications provide suitable sites for attachment of markers and drug molecules for vascular imaging and tumor targeting. In this review a brief description of plant virus nanoparticles and their biomedical applications especially in drug delivery is provided. The methods of loading cargos in these VNPs and their final biofate are also reviewed.
纳米颗粒在生物医学应用中受到了广泛关注。一种有前途的纳米载体是病毒纳米颗粒（VNPs），它是源自不同类型病毒的天然生物纳米材料。在 VNPs 中，植物 VNPs 相对于普通纳米颗粒（如脂质体、树枝状大分子或量子点）具有几个优势。其中一些优势包括：可降解性、对人体安全、原子水平的已知结构、可以强烈控制结构的配体附着的可能性、遗传和化学操作的可用性以及非常灵活的制备方法。通过对其内腔和外表面进行化学和遗传修饰，已经对多种植物病毒进行了修饰。这些修饰为血管成像和肿瘤靶向提供了附着标记物和药物分子的合适部位。在这篇综述中，简要描述了植物病毒纳米颗粒及其在药物输送等生物医学领域的应用。还回顾了在这些 VNPs 中加载有效载荷的方法及其最终的生物命运。
