External researcher, Department of Prosthodontics, Propaedeutics and Dental Materials, Christian-Albrechts University at Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
Dentist, Department of Prosthodontics, Hangzhou Mengtao Dental Clinic, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
J Prosthet Dent. 2018 Aug;120(2):214-219. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2017.11.020. Epub 2018 Apr 5.
Two-piece abutments consisting of a prefabricated titanium luting base and a zirconia abutment are used widely in implant restorations. Straightforward and reliable procedures for bonding titanium and zirconia are necessary for ensuring low failure rates in such restorations.
The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the tensile load of zirconia copings on prefabricated titanium abutments using 4 different self-adhesive resin cements.
A total of 128 industrially manufactured partially yttria-stabilized zirconia ceramic copings were bonded to titanium abutments with a luting space of about 60 μm or 100 μm. The bonding surfaces were airborne-particle abraded with 50 μm alumina and cleaned ultrasonically. The zirconia copings were bonded with Panavia SA Cement Automix (SA), RelyX Unicem 2 Automix (RU), MaxCem Elite (ME), or SmartCem 2 (SC). Specimens from each cement group were randomly assigned to be stored either in distilled water (37°C) for 3 days or subjected to 37 500 thermocycles over 150 days. After debonding in tension, failure modes (adhesive or cohesive) were analyzed, and basic fuchsin dye penetration tests were performed using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Three-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests were used for statistical analysis (α=.05).
Three-way ANOVA results determined that the luting resin used and the luting space had a significant effect (P≤.002), while the storage time did not have an overall effect (P>.05). The interaction between the luting resin used and storage time was significant (P<.001). After storage for 3 days, the retentive force of SA (1002 N) was highest, followed by that for RU (614 N), ME (550 N), and SC (346 N) (P≤.05); the forces for RU and ME were not significantly different (P>.05). However, after thermocycling, RU had the highest retentive force (848 N), followed by SA (646 N), ME (475 N), and SC (364 N) (P≤.05). Retentive forces for ME and SC were not significantly different (P>.05). The failure modes of the zirconia abutment surfaces were predominantly adhesive, while those of the titanium surfaces were mainly cohesive. The SA specimens showed the lowest dye penetration, followed by the RU, ME, and SC specimens.
The greatest mean retention was found with Panavia SA Cement Automix and RelyX Unicem 2 Automix with a luting space of 60 μm when bonding zirconia copings to titanium.
由预制钛粘固基底和氧化锆修复体组成的两件式基台广泛应用于种植体修复。为了确保此类修复体的低失败率，需要有简单可靠的钛和氧化锆粘结程序。
本体外研究的目的是使用 4 种不同的自粘树脂水门汀评估预制钛基台上氧化锆修复体的拉伸负荷。
总共将 128 个工业制造的部分稳定氧化锆陶瓷修复体用约 60 μm 或 100 μm 的粘固空间粘结到钛基台上。粘结表面用 50 μm 氧化铝进行气载粒子喷砂处理，并进行超声清洗。用 Panavia SA 水泥自动混合剂 (SA)、RelyX Unicem 2 自动混合剂 (RU)、MaxCem Elite (ME) 或 SmartCem 2 (SC) 将氧化锆修复体粘结。从每个水门汀组中随机选择试件，分别在蒸馏水中（37°C）储存 3 天或在 150 天内进行 37500 次热循环。在张力下分离后，分析失效模式（粘结或内聚），并用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜进行基本固绿染料渗透试验。使用三因素方差分析和 Tukey HSD 检验进行统计分析（α=.05）。
三因素方差分析结果确定，使用的粘固树脂和粘固空间有显著影响（P≤.002），而储存时间没有总体影响（P>.05）。使用的粘固树脂和储存时间之间的相互作用有显著影响（P<.001）。储存 3 天后，SA（1002 N）的固位力最高，其次是 RU（614 N）、ME（550 N）和 SC（346 N）（P≤.05）；RU 和 ME 的力无显著差异（P>.05）。然而，热循环后，RU 的固位力最高（848 N），其次是 SA（646 N）、ME（475 N）和 SC（364 N）（P≤.05）。ME 和 SC 的固位力无显著差异（P>.05）。氧化锆基台表面的失效模式主要为粘结，而钛表面的失效模式主要为内聚。SA 试件的染料渗透最低，其次是 RU、ME 和 SC 试件。
当用 60 μm 粘固空间将氧化锆修复体粘结到钛上时，发现 Panavia SA 水泥自动混合剂和 RelyX Unicem 2 自动混合剂的平均固位力最大。
