Li Shuping, Gao Fei, Huang Jiaqiang, Wu Yuanyuan, Wu Sen, Lei Xin Gen
Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj. 2018 Nov;1862(11):2473-2479. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.03.029. Epub 2018 Apr 5.
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient required by avian species. Dietary Se/vitamin E deficiency induces three classical diseases in chicks: exudative diathesis, nutritional pancreatic atrophy, and nutritional muscular dystrophy.
This review is to summarize and analyze the evolution, regulation, and function of avian selenogenome and selenoproteome and their relationship with the three classical Se/vitamin E deficiency diseases.
There are 24 selenoproteins confirmed in chicks, with two avian-specific members (SELENOU and SELENOP2) and two missing mammalian members (GPX6 and SELENOV). There are two forms of SELENOP containing 1 or 13 selenocysteine residues. In addition, a Gallus gallus gene was conjectured to be the counterpart of the human SEPHS2. Expression of selenoprotein genes in the liver, pancreas, and muscle of chicks seemed to be highly responsive to dietary Se changes. Pathogeneses of the Se/vitamin E deficient diseases in the chicks were likely produced by missing functions of selected selenoproteins in regulating cellular and tissue redox balance and inhibiting oxidative/reductive stress-induced cell death.
Gene knockout models, similar to those of rodents, will help characterize the precise functions of avian selenoproteins and their comparisons with those of mammalian species.
硒（Se）是鸟类必需的微量营养素。日粮中硒/维生素E缺乏会在雏鸡中引发三种典型疾病：渗出性素质、营养性胰腺萎缩和营养性肌肉萎缩。
本综述旨在总结和分析鸟类硒基因组和硒蛋白组的进化、调控及功能，以及它们与三种典型的硒/维生素E缺乏症之间的关系。
在雏鸡中已确认有24种硒蛋白，其中有两个鸟类特有的成员（SELENOU和SELENOP2）以及两个在哺乳动物中缺失的成员（GPX6和SELENOV）。SELENOP有两种形式，分别含有1个或13个硒代半胱氨酸残基。此外，推测原鸡的一个基因是人类SEPHS2的对应基因。雏鸡肝脏、胰腺和肌肉中硒蛋白基因的表达似乎对日粮硒的变化高度敏感。雏鸡硒/维生素E缺乏症的发病机制可能是由于特定硒蛋白在调节细胞和组织氧化还原平衡以及抑制氧化/还原应激诱导的细胞死亡方面的功能缺失所致。
与啮齿动物类似的基因敲除模型将有助于明确鸟类硒蛋白的精确功能及其与哺乳动物硒蛋白的比较。
