Bakker Jaco, Roubos Sandra, Remarque Edmond J, Arndt Saskia S, Kronen Peter W, Langermans Jan Am
Animal Science Department, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
Department of Animals in Science & Society, Division of Animal Welfare & Laboratory Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Vet Anaesth Analg. 2018 May;45(3):309-319. doi: 10.1016/j.vaa.2017.06.009. Epub 2018 Feb 5.
To investigate the clinical and physiological effects of intravenous (IV) alfaxalone alone or in combination with buprenorphine, butorphanol or tramadol premedication in marmosets.
Prospective, randomized, blinded, crossover design.
Nine healthy marmosets (391 ± 48 g, 3.7 ± 2.2 years old).
Meloxicam 0.20 mg kg subcutaneously, atropine 0.05 mg kg intramuscularly (IM) and either buprenorphine 20 μg kg IM (BUP-A), butorphanol 0.2 mg kg IM (BUT-A), tramadol 1.5 mg kg IM (TRA-A) or no additional drug (control) were administered to all marmosets as premedication. After 1 hour, anaesthesia was induced with 16 mg kg alfaxalone IV. All animals received all protocols. The order of protocol allocation was randomized with a minimum 28 day wash-out period. During anaesthesia, respiratory and pulse rates, rectal temperature, haemoglobin oxygen saturation, arterial blood pressure, palpebral and pedal withdrawal reflexes and degree of muscle relaxation were assessed and recorded every 5 minutes. Quality of induction and recovery were assessed. Duration of induction, immobilization and recovery were recorded. Blood samples were analysed for aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase concentrations. The protocols were compared using paired t tests, Wilcoxon's signed-rank test with Bonferroni's corrections and linear mixed effect models where appropriate.
Out of nine animals, apnoea was noted in eight animals administered protocol BUP-A and two animals administered protocol BUT-A. With TRA-A and control protocols, apnoea was not observed. No other significant differences in any of the parameters were found; however, low arterial blood pressures and hypoxia occurred in TRA-A.
Our study employing different premedications suggests that the previously published dose of 16 mg kg alfaxalone is too high when used with premedication because we found a high incidence of complications including apnoea (BUP-A), hypotension and hypoxaemia (TRA-A). Appropriate monitoring and countermeasures are recommended.
研究静脉注射阿法沙龙单独使用或与丁丙诺啡、布托啡诺或曲马多术前用药联合使用对狨猴的临床和生理影响。
前瞻性、随机、双盲、交叉设计。
9只健康狨猴（体重391±48克，年龄3.7±2.2岁）。
所有狨猴均皮下注射0.20毫克/千克美洛昔康、肌肉注射0.05毫克/千克阿托品，并分别肌肉注射20微克/千克丁丙诺啡（BUP-A组）、0.2毫克/千克布托啡诺（BUT-A组）、1.5毫克/千克曲马多（TRA-A组）或不使用额外药物（对照组）作为术前用药。1小时后，静脉注射16毫克/千克阿法沙龙诱导麻醉。所有动物均接受所有方案。方案分配顺序随机，洗脱期至少28天。麻醉期间，每5分钟评估并记录呼吸和脉搏率、直肠温度、血红蛋白氧饱和度、动脉血压、睑反射和足趾反射以及肌肉松弛程度。评估诱导和恢复质量。记录诱导、固定和恢复持续时间。分析血样中的天冬氨酸转氨酶、肌酸激酶和乳酸脱氢酶浓度。在适当情况下，使用配对t检验、经Bonferroni校正的Wilcoxon符号秩检验和线性混合效应模型对各方案进行比较。
9只动物中，BUP-A组的8只动物和BUT-A组的2只动物出现呼吸暂停。TRA-A组和对照组未观察到呼吸暂停。在任何参数上均未发现其他显著差异；然而，TRA-A组出现了低血压和低氧血症。
我们采用不同术前用药的研究表明，先前公布的16毫克/千克阿法沙龙剂量与术前用药联合使用时过高，因为我们发现包括呼吸暂停（BUP-A组）、低血压和低氧血症（TRA-A组）在内的并发症发生率很高。建议进行适当的监测并采取应对措施。
