一项基于学校的体育项目对残疾青少年身体素质、身体活动及心脏代谢健康的影响：来自“运动促健康”研究的数据
Effects of a School-Based Sports Program on Physical Fitness, Physical Activity, and Cardiometabolic Health in Youth With Physical Disabilities: Data From the Sport-2-Stay-Fit Study.
作者信息
Zwinkels Maremka, Verschuren Olaf, Balemans Astrid, Lankhorst Kristel, Te Velde Saskia, van Gaalen Leendert, de Groot Janke, Visser-Meily Anne, Takken Tim
机构信息
Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, Netherlands.
Department of Sports, De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, Netherlands.
出版信息
Front Pediatr. 2018 Mar 26;6:75. doi: 10.3389/fped.2018.00075. eCollection 2018.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effects of a school-based once-a-week sports program on physical fitness, physical activity, and cardiometabolic health in children and adolescents with a physical disability.
METHODS
This controlled clinical trial included 71 children and adolescents from four schools for special education [mean age 13.7 (2.9) years, range 8-19, 55% boys]. Participants had various chronic health conditions including cerebral palsy (37%), other neuromuscular (44%), metabolic (8%), musculoskeletal (7%), and cardiovascular (4%) disorders. Before recruitment and based on the presence of school-based sports, schools were assigned as sport or control group. School-based sports were initiated and provided by motivated experienced physical educators. The sport group ( = 31) participated in a once-a-week school-based sports program for 6 months, which included team sports. The control group ( = 40) followed the regular curriculum. Anaerobic performance was assessed by the Muscle Power Sprint Test. Secondary outcome measures included aerobic performance, VO peak, strength, physical activity, blood pressure, arterial stiffness, body composition, and the metabolic profile.
RESULTS
A significant improvement of 16% in favor of the sport group was found for anaerobic performance ( = 0.003). In addition, the sport group lost 2.8% more fat mass compared to the control group ( = 0.007). No changes were found for aerobic performance, VO peak, physical activity, blood pressure, arterial stiffness, and the metabolic profile.
CONCLUSION
Anaerobic performance and fat mass improved following a school-based sports program. These effects are promising for long-term fitness and health promotion, because sports sessions at school eliminate certain barriers for sports participation and adding a once-a-week sports session showed already positive effects for 6 months.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
This trial was registered with the Dutch Trial Registry (NTR4698).
目的
探讨以学校为基础的每周一次体育项目对残疾儿童和青少年的身体素质、身体活动及心脏代谢健康的影响。
方法
这项对照临床试验纳入了来自四所特殊教育学校的71名儿童和青少年[平均年龄13.7（2.9）岁，范围8 - 19岁，55%为男孩]。参与者患有各种慢性健康问题，包括脑瘫（37%）、其他神经肌肉疾病（44%）、代谢性疾病（8%）、肌肉骨骼疾病（7%）和心血管疾病（4%）。在招募前，根据学校是否有校内体育活动，将学校分为运动组或对照组。校内体育活动由积极且经验丰富的体育教育工作者发起并提供。运动组（n = 31）参加了为期6个月的每周一次的校内体育项目，其中包括团队运动。对照组（n = 40）遵循常规课程。通过肌肉力量冲刺测试评估无氧运动能力。次要结局指标包括有氧运动能力、最大摄氧量、力量、身体活动、血压、动脉僵硬度、身体成分和代谢谱。
结果
发现运动组的无氧运动能力显著提高了16%（P = 0.003）。此外，与对照组相比，运动组的脂肪量减少了2.8%（P = 0.007）。有氧运动能力、最大摄氧量、身体活动、血压、动脉僵硬度和代谢谱均未发现变化。
结论
以学校为基础的体育项目后，无氧运动能力和脂肪量得到改善。这些效果对于长期的健康和健身促进很有前景，因为学校的体育课程消除了体育参与的某些障碍，且每周增加一次体育课程在6个月内已显示出积极效果。
临床试验注册
本试验已在荷兰试验注册中心注册（NTR4698）。
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