SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK.
Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2018 Sep;34(6):e3006. doi: 10.1002/dmrr.3006. Epub 2018 Apr 26.
Xenin-25 is a 25-amino acid peptide hormone co-secreted from the same enteroendocrine K-cell as the incretin peptide glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide. There is no known specific receptor for xenin-25, but studies suggest that at least some biological actions may be mediated through interaction with the neurotensin receptor. Original investigation into the physiological significance of xenin-25 focussed on effects related to gastrointestinal transit and satiety. However, xenin-25 has been demonstrated in pancreatic islets and recently shown to possess actions in relation to the regulation of insulin and glucagon secretion, as well as promoting beta-cell survival. Accordingly, the beneficial impact of xenin-25, and related analogues, has been assessed in animal models of diabetes-obesity. In addition, studies have demonstrated that metabolically active fragment peptides of xenin-25, particularly xenin-8, possess independent therapeutic promise for diabetes, as well as serving as bioactive components for the generation of multi-acting hybrid peptides with antidiabetic potential. This review focuses on continuing developments with xenin compounds in relation to new therapeutic approaches for diabetes-obesity.
胃饥饿素-25 是一种 25 个氨基酸组成的肽类激素，与肠促胰岛素肽葡萄糖依赖性胰岛素释放多肽由相同的肠内分泌 K 细胞共同分泌。目前还没有已知的胃饥饿素-25 特异性受体，但研究表明，至少一些生物学作用可能通过与神经降压素受体的相互作用来介导。最初对胃饥饿素-25 的生理意义的研究集中在与胃肠道转运和饱腹感相关的作用上。然而，胃饥饿素-25 已在胰岛中得到证实，最近还显示其在调节胰岛素和胰高血糖素分泌以及促进β细胞存活方面具有作用。因此，胃饥饿素-25 及其相关类似物在肥胖型糖尿病动物模型中的有益作用已得到评估。此外，研究表明，胃饥饿素-25 的代谢活性片段肽，特别是胃饥饿素-8，对糖尿病具有独立的治疗潜力，并且是生成具有抗糖尿病潜力的多功能混合肽的生物活性成分。这篇综述重点介绍了与肥胖型糖尿病的新治疗方法相关的胃饥饿素化合物的持续发展。
