340 Fipke Centre for Innovative Research , University of British Columbia , 3247 University Way , Kelowna , British Columbia V1 V1 V7 , Canada.
Center on Food Security and the Environment , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2018 May 15;52(10):5532-5544. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.7b05468. Epub 2018 Apr 24.
Aquaculture is anticipated to play an increasingly important role in global food security because it may represent one of the best opportunities to increase the availability of healthy animal protein in the context of resource and environmental constraints. However, the growth and sustainability of the aquaculture industry faces important bottlenecks with respect to feed resources, which may be derived from diverse sources. Here, using a small but representative subset of potential aquafeed inputs (which we selected to highlight a range of relevant attributes), we review a core suite of considerations that need to be accommodated in concert in order to overcome key bottlenecks to the continued development and expansion of the aquaculture industry. Specifically, we evaluate the nutritional attributes, substitutability, scalability, and resource and environmental intensity of each input. On this basis, we illustrate a range of potential synergies and trade-offs within and across attributes that are characteristic of ingredient types. We posit that the recognition and management of such synergies and trade-offs is imperative to satisfying the multi-objective decision-making associated with sustainable increases in future aquaculture production.
水产养殖预计将在全球粮食安全中发挥越来越重要的作用，因为它可能代表着在资源和环境限制的情况下增加健康动物蛋白质供应的最佳机会之一。然而，水产养殖业的增长和可持续性面临着饲料资源方面的重要瓶颈，这些资源可能来自多种来源。在这里，我们使用一小部分但具有代表性的潜在水产养殖饲料投入（我们选择这些投入来突出一系列相关属性），来审查一系列需要协调考虑的核心因素，以克服水产养殖业持续发展和扩张的关键瓶颈。具体来说，我们评估了每种投入的营养属性、可替代性、可扩展性以及资源和环境密集度。在此基础上，我们说明了在属性内和属性之间存在的一系列潜在协同作用和权衡，这些协同作用和权衡是各种投入类型的特征。我们认为，认识和管理这些协同作用和权衡对于满足与未来水产养殖生产可持续增长相关的多目标决策至关重要。
