Department of Transportation Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Department of Urban Design and Planning, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
Department of Urban Design and Planning, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
J Safety Res. 2018 Feb;64:135-143. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2017.12.008. Epub 2017 Dec 29.
Building a safe biking environment is crucial to encouraging bicycle use. In developed areas with higher density and more mixed land use, the built environment factors that pose a crash risk may vary. This study investigates the connection between biking risk factors and the compact built environment, using data for Beijing.
In the context of China, this paper seeks to answer two research questions. First, what types of built environment factors are correlated with bike-automobile crash frequency and risk? Second, how do risk factors vary across different types of bikes? Poisson lognormal random effects models are employed to examine how land use and roadway design factors are associated with the bike-automobile crashes.
The main findings are: (1) bike-automobile crashes are more likely to occur in densely developed areas, which is characterized by higher population density, more mixed land use, denser roads and junctions, and more parking lots; (2) areas with greater ground transit are correlated with more bike-automobile crashes and higher risks of involving in collisions; (3) the percentages of wider streets show negative associations with bike crash frequency; (4) built environment factors cannot help explain factors contributing to motorcycle-automobile crashes.
In China's dense urban context, important policy implications for bicycle safety improvement drawn from this study include: prioritizing safety programs in urban centers, applying safety improvements to areas with more ground transit, placing bike-automobile crash countermeasures at road junctions, and improving bicycle safety on narrower streets.
营造安全的骑行环境对于鼓励自行车出行至关重要。在人口密度较高且土地利用更为混合的发达地区，可能存在导致碰撞风险的不同建成环境因素。本研究以北京为例，探讨骑行风险因素与紧凑建成环境之间的关系。
在中国背景下，本文旨在回答两个研究问题。首先，哪些类型的建成环境因素与自行车-汽车碰撞频率和风险相关？其次，不同类型的自行车的风险因素有何差异？本研究采用泊松对数正态随机效应模型，以检验土地利用和道路设计因素与自行车-汽车碰撞之间的关联。
主要发现包括：（1）自行车-汽车碰撞更可能发生在人口密度较高、土地利用更为混合、道路和交叉口更为密集、停车场更多的发达地区；（2）地面交通更发达的地区与更多的自行车-汽车碰撞以及更高的碰撞风险相关；（3）更宽街道的比例与自行车碰撞频率呈负相关；（4）建成环境因素无法解释摩托车-汽车碰撞的相关因素。
在中国人口密集的城市环境中，本研究为改善自行车安全提出了重要的政策启示，包括：优先考虑城市中心的安全计划，在地面交通更发达的地区实施安全改进，在道路交叉口采取自行车-汽车碰撞对策，以及改善狭窄街道的自行车安全。
