a Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mother , Child and Adult, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico , Modena , Italy.
Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2018 May;19(7):677-686. doi: 10.1080/14656566.2018.1462337. Epub 2018 Apr 11.
The availability and use of long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs), such as levonorgestrel intrauterine systems (LNG-IUSs), have increased in recent times.
The authors provide a narrative review of the LNG-IUSs currently available worldwide as female contraceptives (LNG-IUS 13.5, 19.5 and 52 mg). Specific features of the devices and their parameters of efficacy and tolerability were considered as outcomes.
The one-handed 3.8-mm-diameter inserter of LNG-IUS 13.5 mg and 19.5 mg may be particularly suitable in nulliparous women. While LNG-IUSs 13.5, 19.5 mg and LNG 52 mg should be used by women simply looking for an effective contraceptive method for up to 3, 4 or 5 years, LNG-IUS 52 mg has also been approved for the treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding and endometrial protection during hormone replacement therapy. LNG-IUS 52 mg is ideal for women who are experiencing a certain hyperestrogenic hormonal environment, with heavy menstrual bleeding due to hormonal imbalances, adenomyosis or fibroids, in the case of symptomatic endometriosis or for endometrial protection during hormone estrogenic replacement therapy in non-hysterectomized women.
长效可逆避孕方法（LARC），如左炔诺孕酮宫内节育系统（LNG-IUS），近年来的应用越来越广泛。
作者对目前全球作为女性避孕药具的 LNG-IUS（LNG-IUS 13.5、19.5 和 52mg）进行了叙述性综述。考虑了这些装置的特定特征及其疗效和耐受性参数作为结果。
直径为 3.8 毫米的单手插入器特别适用于未生育的妇女。LNG-IUS 13.5、19.5mg 和 LNG 52mg 可用于希望寻找一种有效避孕方法长达 3、4 或 5 年的女性，而 LNG-IUS 52mg 也已获准用于治疗月经过多和激素替代治疗期间的子宫内膜保护。LNG-IUS 52mg 适用于因激素失衡、腺肌病或肌瘤而出现月经过多、有症状的子宫内膜异位症或非子宫切除妇女激素雌激素替代治疗期间需要子宫内膜保护的妇女，这些妇女体内存在一定的高雌激素环境。
