1 School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
2 Laboratory of Retina Brain Research, Department of Ophthalmology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Cell Transplant. 2018 Feb;27(2):213-229. doi: 10.1177/0963689717724793.
Glaucoma, a form of progressive optic neuropathy, is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. Being a prominent disease affecting vision, substantial efforts are being made to better understand glaucoma pathogenesis and to develop novel treatment options including neuroprotective and neuroregenerative approaches. Cell transplantation has the potential to play a neuroprotective and/or neuroregenerative role for various ocular cell types (e.g., retinal cells, trabecular meshwork). Notably, glaucoma is often associated with elevated intraocular pressure, and over the past 2 decades, several rodent models of chronic ocular hypertension (COH) have been developed that reflect these changes in pressure. However, the underlying pathophysiology of glaucoma in these models and how they compare to the human condition remains unclear. This limitation is the primary barrier for using rodent models to develop novel therapies to manage glaucoma and glaucoma-related blindness. Here, we review the current techniques used to induce COH-related glaucoma in various rodent models, focusing on the strengths and weaknesses of the each, in order to provide a more complete understanding of how these models can be best utilized. To so do, we have separated them based on the target tissue (pre-trabecular, trabecular, and post-trabecular) in order to provide the reader with an encompassing reference describing the most appropriate rodent COH models for their research. We begin with an initial overview of the current use of these models in the evaluation of cell transplantation therapies.
青光眼是一种进行性视神经病变，是全球第二大致盲原因。作为一种显著影响视力的疾病，人们正在努力深入了解青光眼的发病机制，并开发新的治疗方法，包括神经保护和神经再生方法。细胞移植有可能对各种眼细胞类型（例如视网膜细胞、小梁网）发挥神经保护和/或神经再生作用。值得注意的是，青光眼通常与眼内压升高有关，在过去的 20 年中，已经开发出几种慢性眼压升高（COH）的啮齿动物模型，这些模型反映了这些压力变化。然而，这些模型中青光眼的潜在病理生理学及其与人类状况的比较仍然不清楚。这一限制是使用啮齿动物模型开发治疗青光眼和与青光眼相关的失明的新疗法的主要障碍。在这里，我们回顾了在各种啮齿动物模型中诱导 COH 相关青光眼的当前技术，重点介绍了每种技术的优缺点，以便更全面地了解如何最好地利用这些模型。为此，我们根据目标组织（小梁前、小梁和小梁后）对它们进行了分类，以便为读者提供一个全面的参考，描述最适合其研究的啮齿动物 COH 模型。我们首先概述了这些模型在评估细胞移植疗法中的当前用途。
