Bone Physiopathology Group, Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy.
Clinical Laboratory, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Apr 10;19(4):1136. doi: 10.3390/ijms19041136.
Multiple types of cancer have the specific ability to home to the bone microenvironment and cause metastatic lesions. Despite being the focus of intense investigation, the molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate the metastasis of disseminated tumor cells still remain largely unknown. Bone metastases severely impact quality of life since they are associated with pain, fractures, and bone marrow aplasia. In this review, we will summarize the recent discoveries on the role of extracellular vesicles (EV) in the regulation of bone remodeling activity and bone metastasis occurrence. Indeed, it was shown that extracellular vesicles, including exosomes and microvesicles, released from tumor cells can modify the bone microenvironment, allowing the formation of osteolytic, osteosclerotic, and mixed mestastases. In turn, bone-derived EV can stimulate the proliferation of tumor cells. The inhibition of EV-mediated crosstalk between cancer and bone cells could represent a new therapeutic target for bone metastasis.
多种癌症具有向骨微环境归巢并引发转移性病变的特定能力。尽管这是一个备受关注的研究焦点，但调节播散性肿瘤细胞转移的分子和细胞机制在很大程度上仍不为人知。骨转移严重影响生活质量，因为它们与疼痛、骨折和骨髓再生不良有关。在这篇综述中，我们将总结最近关于细胞外囊泡（EV）在调节骨重塑活性和骨转移发生中的作用的发现。事实上，已经表明，包括外泌体和微泡在内的肿瘤细胞释放的细胞外囊泡可以改变骨微环境，从而形成溶骨性、成骨性和混合性转移。反过来，骨来源的 EV 可以刺激肿瘤细胞的增殖。抑制 EV 介导的癌细胞与骨细胞之间的串扰可能成为骨转移的新治疗靶点。
