Department of Life Sciences and Medicine (DLSM), University of Luxembourg, 6, avenue du Swing, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Jul 17;21(14):5071. doi: 10.3390/ijms21145071.
Hypoxia is a common hallmark of solid tumors and is associated with aggressiveness, metastasis and poor outcome. Cancer cells under hypoxia undergo changes in metabolism and there is an intense crosstalk between cancer cells and cells from the tumor microenvironment. This crosstalk is facilitated by small extracellular vesicles (sEVs; diameter between 30 and 200 nm), including exosomes and microvesicles, which carry a cargo of proteins, mRNA, ncRNA and other biological molecules. Hypoxia is known to increase secretion of sEVs and has an impact on the composition of the cargo. This sEV-mediated crosstalk ultimately leads to various biological effects in the proximal tumor microenvironment but also at distant, future metastatic sites. In this review, we discuss the changes induced by hypoxia on sEV secretion and their cargo as well as their effects on the behavior and metabolism of cancer cells, the tumor microenvironment and metastatic events.
缺氧是实体瘤的一个常见特征，与侵袭性、转移和不良预后有关。在缺氧环境下，癌细胞的代谢会发生变化，癌细胞与肿瘤微环境中的细胞之间存在强烈的相互作用。这种相互作用是由小细胞外囊泡（sEV；直径在 30 至 200nm 之间）介导的，包括外泌体和微囊泡，它们携带蛋白质、mRNA、ncRNA 和其他生物分子的货物。已知缺氧会增加 sEV 的分泌，并对货物的组成产生影响。这种 sEV 介导的相互作用最终会导致肿瘤微环境中近端和远处未来转移部位的各种生物学效应。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了缺氧对 sEV 分泌及其货物的诱导变化，以及它们对癌细胞行为和代谢、肿瘤微环境和转移事件的影响。
