Sellvam Dharmela, Lau Nyok Sean, Arip Yahya Mat
School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Sains@USM, Block B, No. 10, Persiaran Bukit Jambul, 11900 Bayan Lepas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
Trop Life Sci Res. 2018 Mar;29(1):37-50. doi: 10.21315/tlsr2018.29.1.3. Epub 2018 Mar 2.
Malaysia is one of the countries that are loaded with mega biodiversity which includes microbial communities. Phages constitute the major component in the microbial communities and yet the numbers of discovered phages are just a minute fraction of its population in the biosphere. Taking into account of a huge numbers of waiting to be discovered phages, a new bacteriophage designated as YD-2008.s was successfully isolated using ATCC 11303 as the host. YD-2008.s poses icosahedral head measured at 57nm in diameter with a long non-contractile flexible tail measured at 107nm; proving the phage as one of the members of family under the order of . Genomic sequence analyses revealed YD-2008.s genome as linear dsDNA of 44,613 base pairs with 54.6% G+C content. Sixty-two open reading frames (ORFs) were identified on YD-2008.s full genome, using bioinformatics annotation software; Rapid Annotation using Subsystem Technology (RAST). Among the ORFs, twenty-eight of them code for functional proteins. Thirty two are classified as hypothetical proteins and there are two unidentified proteins. Even though majority of the coded putative proteins have high amino acids similarities to phages from the genus of the family, yet YD-2008.s stands with its' own distinctiveness. Therefore, this is another new finding to family as well as to the growing list of viruses in International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) database.
马来西亚是拥有包括微生物群落在内的超大多样性生物的国家之一。噬菌体是微生物群落的主要组成部分，然而已发现的噬菌体数量只是其在生物圈中种群数量的极小一部分。考虑到大量有待发现的噬菌体，以美国典型培养物保藏中心11303作为宿主，成功分离出一种新的噬菌体，命名为YD - 2008.s。YD - 2008.s具有直径为57nm的二十面体头部和长度为107nm的非收缩性柔性长尾；证明该噬菌体是[噬菌体目下某科]家族的成员之一。基因组序列分析显示YD - 2008.s的基因组为44,613个碱基对的线性双链DNA，G + C含量为54.6%。使用生物信息学注释软件“利用子系统技术快速注释”（RAST）在YD - 2008.s的全基因组上鉴定出62个开放阅读框（ORF）。在这些ORF中，有28个编码功能蛋白。32个被归类为假设蛋白，还有2个未鉴定蛋白。尽管大多数编码的推定蛋白与[噬菌体科某属]的噬菌体具有高度氨基酸相似性，但YD - 2008.s仍有其自身的独特性。因此，这是[噬菌体科]家族以及国际病毒分类委员会（ICTV）数据库中不断增加的病毒列表的又一新发现。
