State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China.
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-process and Function Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018 Jun;25(17):17144-17155. doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-1841-5. Epub 2018 Apr 12.
The current exposure-effect curves describing sandstorm PM exposure and the health effects are drawn roughly by the outdoor concentration (OC), which ignored the exposure levels of people's practical activity sites. The main objective of this work is to develop a novel approach to quantify human PM exposure by their socio-categorized micro-environment activities-time weighed (SCMEATW) in strong sandstorm period, which can be used to assess the exposure profiles in the large-scale region. Types of people's SCMEATW were obtained by questionnaire investigation. Different types of representatives were trackly recorded during the big sandstorm. The average exposure levels were estimated by SCMEATW. Furthermore, the geographic information system (GIS) technique was taken not only to simulate the outdoor concentration spatially but also to create human exposure outlines in a visualized map simultaneously, which could help to understand the risk to different types of people. Additionally, exposure-response curves describing the acute outpatient rate odds by sandstorm were formed by SCMEATW, and the differences between SCMEATW and OC were compared. Results indicated that acute outpatient rate odds had relationships with PM exposure from SCMEATW, with a level less than that of OC. Some types of people, such as herdsmen and those people walking outdoors during a strong sandstorm, have more risk than office men. Our findings provide more understanding of human practical activities on their exposure levels; they especially provide a tool to understand sandstorm PM exposure in large scale spatially, which might help to perform the different categories population's risk assessment regionally.
目前描述沙尘暴 PM 暴露与健康影响的暴露-效应曲线大致是通过室外浓度（OC）绘制的，这忽略了人们实际活动场所的暴露水平。本工作的主要目的是开发一种新方法，通过其在强沙尘暴期间的社会分类微观环境活动-时间加权（SCMEATW）来量化人的 PM 暴露，这可用于评估大区域的暴露概况。通过问卷调查获得了人们的 SCMEATW 类型。在大沙暴期间，对不同类型的代表人物进行了跟踪记录。通过 SCMEATW 估算平均暴露水平。此外，地理信息系统（GIS）技术不仅用于模拟室外浓度的空间分布，还可以同时在可视化地图上创建人体暴露轮廓，这有助于了解不同类型人群的风险。此外，通过 SCMEATW 描述了沙尘暴时门诊率的暴露-反应曲线，并比较了 SCMEATW 和 OC 之间的差异。结果表明，门诊率的几率与 SCMEATW 的 PM 暴露有关，其水平低于 OC。一些人群，如牧民和在强沙暴中在户外行走的人，比上班族的风险更大。我们的研究结果提供了对人体实际活动与其暴露水平之间关系的更深入了解；它们特别提供了一种工具，可用于在大范围内理解沙尘暴 PM 暴露，这有助于对不同类别人群进行区域性风险评估。
