Xi Xiaochen, Li Tianxiao, Huang Yiming, Sun Jiahui, Zhu Yumin, Yang Yang, Lu Zhi John
MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Center for Plant Biology and Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Noncoding RNA. 2017 Feb 20;3(1):9. doi: 10.3390/ncrna3010009.
As an essential part of central dogma, RNA delivers genetic and regulatory information and reflects cellular states. Based on high-throughput sequencing technologies, cumulating data show that various RNA molecules are able to serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of various diseases, for instance, cancer. In particular, detectable in various bio-fluids, such as serum, saliva and urine, extracellular RNAs (exRNAs) are emerging as non-invasive biomarkers for earlier cancer diagnosis, tumor progression monitor, and prediction of therapy response. In this review, we summarize the latest studies on various types of RNA biomarkers, especially extracellular RNAs, in cancer diagnosis and prognosis, and illustrate several well-known RNA biomarkers of clinical utility. In addition, we describe and discuss general procedures and issues in investigating exRNA biomarkers, and perspectives on utility of exRNAs in precision medicine.
作为中心法则的重要组成部分，RNA传递遗传和调控信息并反映细胞状态。基于高通量测序技术，越来越多的数据表明，各种RNA分子能够作为多种疾病（如癌症）诊断和预后的生物标志物。特别是，细胞外RNA（exRNA）可在血清、唾液和尿液等各种生物流体中检测到，正成为早期癌症诊断、肿瘤进展监测和治疗反应预测的非侵入性生物标志物。在本综述中，我们总结了关于各种类型RNA生物标志物，尤其是细胞外RNA在癌症诊断和预后方面的最新研究，并阐述了几种具有临床应用价值的著名RNA生物标志物。此外，我们描述并讨论了研究exRNA生物标志物的一般程序和问题，以及exRNA在精准医学中的应用前景。
