McKibbin Martin, Farragher Tracey M, Shickle Darren
Eye Clinic, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.
Academic Unit of Public Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
BMJ Open Ophthalmol. 2018 Jan 31;3(1):e000076. doi: 10.1136/bmjophth-2017-000076. eCollection 2018.
To determine the prevalence of, associations with and diagnoses leading to mild visual impairment or worse (logMAR >0.3) in middle-aged adults in the UK Biobank study.
Prevalence estimates for monocular and binocular visual impairment were determined for the UK Biobank participants with fundus photographs and spectral domain optical coherence tomography images. Associations with socioeconomic, biometric, lifestyle and medical variables were investigated for cases with visual impairment and matched controls, using multinomial logistic regression models. Self-reported eye history and image grading results were used to identify the primary diagnoses leading to visual impairment for a sample of 25% of cases.
For the 65 033 UK Biobank participants, aged 40-69 years and with fundus images, 6682 (10.3%) and 1677 (2.6%) had mild visual impairment or worse in one or both eyes, respectively. Increasing deprivation, age and ethnicity were independently associated with both monocular and binocular visual impairment. No primary diagnosis for the recorded level of visual impairment could be identified for 49.8% of eyes. The most common identifiable diagnoses leading to visual impairment were cataract, amblyopia, uncorrected refractive error and vitreoretinal interface abnormalities.
The prevalence of visual impairment in the UK Biobank study cohort is lower than for population-based studies from other industrialised countries. Monocular and binocular visual impairment are associated with increasing deprivation, age and ethnicity. The UK Biobank dataset does not allow confident identification of the causes of visual impairment, and the results may not be applicable to the wider UK population.
在英国生物银行研究中，确定中年成年人中轻度视力损害及更严重情况（logMAR>0.3）的患病率、相关因素及导致该情况的诊断。
对有眼底照片和频域光学相干断层扫描图像的英国生物银行参与者，确定单眼和双眼视力损害的患病率估计值。使用多项逻辑回归模型，对视力损害病例和匹配对照，研究其与社会经济、生物特征、生活方式和医学变量的相关性。对25%的病例样本，使用自我报告的眼部病史和图像分级结果来确定导致视力损害的主要诊断。
对于65033名年龄在40 - 69岁且有眼底图像的英国生物银行参与者，分别有6682人（10.3%）和1677人（2.6%）一只或两只眼睛存在轻度视力损害及更严重情况。贫困程度增加、年龄增长和种族与单眼和双眼视力损害均独立相关。49.8%的眼睛无法确定与所记录视力损害水平对应的主要诊断。导致视力损害最常见的可识别诊断为白内障、弱视、未矫正屈光不正和玻璃体视网膜界面异常。
英国生物银行研究队列中视力损害的患病率低于其他工业化国家基于人群的研究。单眼和双眼视力损害与贫困程度增加、年龄增长和种族相关。英国生物银行数据集无法可靠地确定视力损害的原因，其结果可能不适用于更广泛的英国人群。
