Cumberland Phillippa M, Bao Yanchun, Hysi Pirro G, Foster Paul J, Hammond Christopher J, Rahi Jugnoo S
Life Course Epidemiology and Biostatistics Section, University College London (UCL) Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Ulverscroft Vision Research Group, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Ophthalmology, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom.
PLoS One. 2015 Oct 2;10(10):e0139780. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139780. eCollection 2015.
To report the methodology and findings of a large scale investigation of burden and distribution of refractive error, from a contemporary and ethnically diverse study of health and disease in adults, in the UK.
U K Biobank, a unique contemporary resource for the study of health and disease, recruited more than half a million people aged 40-69 years. A subsample of 107,452 subjects undertook an enhanced ophthalmic examination which provided autorefraction data (a measure of refractive error). Refractive error status was categorised using the mean spherical equivalent refraction measure. Information on socio-demographic factors (age, gender, ethnicity, educational qualifications and accommodation tenure) was reported at the time of recruitment by questionnaire and face-to-face interview.
Fifty four percent of participants aged 40-69 years had refractive error. Specifically 27% had myopia (4% high myopia), which was more common amongst younger people, those of higher socio-economic status, higher educational attainment, or of White or Chinese ethnicity. The frequency of hypermetropia increased with age (7% at 40-44 years increasing to 46% at 65-69 years), was higher in women and its severity was associated with ethnicity (moderate or high hypermetropia at least 30% less likely in non-White ethnic groups compared to White).
Refractive error is a significant public health issue for the UK and this study provides contemporary data on adults for planning services, health economic modelling and monitoring of secular trends. Further investigation of risk factors is necessary to inform strategies for prevention. There is scope to do this through the planned longitudinal extension of the UK Biobank study.
报告在英国进行的一项针对成年人健康与疾病的当代多民族研究中，关于屈光不正负担和分布的大规模调查的方法和结果。
英国生物银行是研究健康与疾病的独特当代资源，招募了超过50万年龄在40 - 69岁的人群。107452名受试者的子样本进行了强化眼科检查，提供了自动验光数据（一种屈光不正测量方法）。使用平均球镜当量屈光测量对屈光不正状态进行分类。在招募时通过问卷和面对面访谈报告了社会人口学因素（年龄、性别、种族、教育程度和居住权）的信息。
40 - 69岁的参与者中有54%患有屈光不正。具体而言，27%患有近视（4%为高度近视），在年轻人、社会经济地位较高、教育程度较高或白人或华裔人群中更为常见。远视的发生率随年龄增加（40 - 44岁时为7%，65 - 69岁时增至46%），女性中更高，其严重程度与种族有关（与白人相比，非白人种族中中度或高度远视的可能性至少低30%）。
屈光不正对英国来说是一个重大的公共卫生问题，本研究为规划服务、健康经济建模和长期趋势监测提供了关于成年人的当代数据。有必要进一步调查风险因素，为预防策略提供依据。通过英国生物银行研究计划中的纵向扩展有机会做到这一点。
