1 Center for Women's Health and Wellness, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA.
J Hum Lact. 2018 May;34(2):220-225. doi: 10.1177/0890334418758660.
Despite widespread awareness of the health benefits for both mothers and babies we are far from achieving universal breastfeeding. Breastfeeding rates globally are lower than recommended levels and there are concerns that some global breastfeeding efforts have stalled (1, 2). In addition, we see persistent disparities in breastfeeding rates by race, ethnicity, class and status (3). A growing literature documents how a range of injustices, including gender inequality (7), racism (8), poverty (9), and violence (10, 11) shape whether, how exclusive, and for how long mothers and others will be able to breastfeed or feed their infants human milk. These social injustices and inequities work to privilege breastfeeding even as the health message becomes more mainstreamed and human milk more desirable. A social justice approach could help us address the gender, race, and sexuality-based inequities and injustices in opportunities, resources, status, and power that are influencing the patterns of breastfeeding we see today. The 12th Breastfeeding and Feminism International Conference held in 2017 took as its theme Breastfeeding as Social Justice: From Crucial Conversation to Inspired Action. The planning team for that conference identified seven core domains that could help us conceptualize a framework for placing social justice at the core of our work. This paper presents this framework and suggestions for policy and practice that follow.
尽管人们普遍意识到母乳喂养对母婴双方都有健康益处，但我们远未实现普遍母乳喂养。全球母乳喂养率低于建议水平，有人担心一些全球母乳喂养工作已经停滞不前 (1, 2)。此外，我们还看到母乳喂养率在种族、族裔、阶层和地位方面存在持续差异 (3)。越来越多的文献记录了一系列不公正现象，包括性别不平等 (7)、种族主义 (8)、贫困 (9) 和暴力 (10, 11)，这些现象影响了母亲和其他女性是否能够进行母乳喂养、母乳喂养的排他性以及持续时间长短，以及她们是否能够用母乳来喂养婴儿。尽管母乳喂养的健康信息越来越普及，母乳也越来越受欢迎，但这些社会不公正和不平等现象使母乳喂养变得更加有利。社会正义方法可以帮助我们解决性别、种族和性取向方面的不平等和不公正问题，这些问题影响了我们今天看到的母乳喂养模式。2017 年举行的第 12 届母乳喂养与女权主义国际会议以母乳喂养作为社会正义：从关键对话到灵感行动为主题。该会议的规划团队确定了七个核心领域，可以帮助我们构建一个将社会正义置于工作核心的框架。本文介绍了这一框架以及随后的政策和实践建议。
