Department of Medicine/Physiology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
Adv Nutr. 2018 Mar 1;9(2):70-77. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmx023.
Cardiovascular diseases are still the primary cause of mortality worldwide, with high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes as major promoters. Over the past 3 decades, almost in parallel with the rise in cardiovascular disease incidence, the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) has increased. In this context, SSBs are potential contributors to weight gain and increase the risk for elevations in blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and stroke. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying the cardiovascular and metabolic responses to SSBs, in particular on blood pressure, are poorly understood. We discuss and propose potential mechanisms underlying differential effects of sugars on postprandial blood pressure regulation; provide evidence for additional molecular contributors, i.e., fibroblast growth factor 21, towards sugar-induced cardiovascular responses; and discuss potential cardiovascular neutral sugars. Furthermore, we explore whether pre-existing glucose intolerance in humans exacerbates the cardiovascular responses to SSBs, thus potentially aggravating the cardiovascular risk in already-susceptible individuals.
心血管疾病仍然是全球主要的死亡原因，高血压和 2 型糖尿病是主要的促进因素。在过去的 30 年中，与心血管疾病发病率的上升几乎同步，含糖饮料（SSB）的消费也在增加。在这种情况下，SSB 是体重增加的潜在因素，并增加了血压升高、2 型糖尿病、冠心病和中风的风险。然而，SSB 对心血管和代谢的影响的机制，特别是对血压的影响，还了解甚少。我们讨论并提出了糖对餐后血压调节的潜在机制；提供了额外的分子贡献者，即成纤维细胞生长因子 21，对糖诱导的心血管反应的证据；并讨论了潜在的心血管中性糖。此外，我们探讨了人类是否存在预先存在的葡萄糖不耐受是否会加剧 SSB 对心血管的反应，从而可能使已经易感的个体的心血管风险恶化。
