Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy.
Nutrients. 2023 Jan 30;15(3):702. doi: 10.3390/nu15030702.
Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are major contributors of free sugars to the diet. A strong relationship between SSB intake and weight gain is described.
we performed a narrative review to present an overview of the role of SSBs as a pivotal contributor in the development of obesity and metabolism-related complications.
different factors influence SSB consumption in children, including economic variables, individual attributes and behaviors to environmental factors, parent features and parents' behaviors. Data suggest that SSB intake has a negative effect on weight and obesity-related diseases. The leading mechanism linking SSB intake to the risk of gaining weight is decreased satiety and incomplete compensatory reduction in energy intake at meals following ingestion of liquid calories. Additionally, the effects of SSBs on gut microbiota and on eating behaviors were also reported. An association between SSB intake, weight gain and cardiometabolic risks is evident. Consumption of SSBs had a significant impact on the prevalence of obesity and related metabolic risks, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, hypertension and metabolic syndrome.
Limiting consumption of SSBs and increasing knowledge of the effect of SSBs on early metabolic and cardiovascular disorders will be useful in developing strategies to counteract the problem and to prevent obesity and related complications.Key future research areas for which further studies are needed include investigating the long-term effects of SSBs on health outcomes as well as analyzing the health effects of sugar consumed in solid compared to liquid forms and further elucidating the biological mechanisms of sugar addiction and energy compensation.
含糖饮料（SSB）是饮食中游离糖的主要来源。SSB 摄入量与体重增加之间存在很强的关系。
我们进行了叙述性综述，以概述 SSB 作为肥胖和代谢相关并发症发展的关键因素的作用。
不同因素影响儿童对 SSB 的消费，包括经济变量、个体属性和行为对环境因素、父母特征和父母行为的影响。数据表明，SSB 摄入对体重和肥胖相关疾病有负面影响。SSB 摄入与体重增加风险相关的主要机制是液体卡路里摄入后，饱腹感降低，膳食中能量摄入不完全补偿性减少。此外，还报道了 SSB 对肠道微生物群和进食行为的影响。SSB 摄入、体重增加和心血管代谢风险之间存在明显关联。SSB 消费对肥胖和相关代谢风险的流行有显著影响，包括胰岛素抵抗、2 型糖尿病、高血压和代谢综合征。
限制 SSB 的消费并增加对 SSB 对早期代谢和心血管紊乱影响的认识，将有助于制定对抗该问题的策略，并预防肥胖和相关并发症。需要进一步研究的未来研究领域包括调查 SSB 对健康结果的长期影响，分析固体糖与液体糖相比对健康的影响，以及进一步阐明糖成瘾和能量补偿的生物学机制。
