在一项急性、随机、交叉试验中，用扁豆替代米饭或土豆中的碳水化合物可降低健康成年人的餐后血糖反应。

Carbohydrate Replacement of Rice or Potato with Lentils Reduces the Postprandial Glycemic Response in Healthy Adults in an Acute, Randomized, Crossover Trial.

机构信息

Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.

Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.

出版信息

J Nutr. 2018 Apr 1;148(4):535-541. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxy018.

DOI:10.1093/jn/nxy018

PMID:29659967

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The postprandial blood glucose response (PBGR) following carbohydrate replacement of high-glycemic index (GI) foods with pulses, in a mixed meal, has not been accurately defined.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to determine the extent to which PBGR and relative glycemic response (RGR) are lowered when half of the available carbohydrate (AC) from rice or potato is replaced with cooked lentils.

METHODS

Using a crossover design, 2 groups of 24 healthy adults randomly consumed 50 g AC from control white rice alone [mean ± SD body mass index (BMI, in kg/m2): 24.3 ± 0.5; mean ± SD age: 27.7 ± 1.2 y], instant potato alone (BMI: 24.0 ± 0.5; age: 27.4 ± 1.2 y), or the same starch source in a 50:50 AC combination with each of 3 types of commercially available lentils (large green, small green, split red). Fasting and postprandial blood samples were analyzed for glucose and insulin, and used to derive incremental area under the curve (iAUC), RGR, and maximum concentration (Cmax). Treatment effects were assessed with the use of repeated-measures ANOVA within the rice and potato treatments.

RESULTS

In comparison to rice alone, blood glucose iAUC and Cmax (P < 0.001) were lowered after consumption of rice with large green (P = 0.057), small green (P = 0.002), and split red (P = 0.006) lentils. Blood glucose iAUC and Cmax were also significantly lowered (P < 0.0001) after consumption of potato combined with each lentil, compared to potato alone. Plasma insulin iAUC and Cmax were significantly (P < 0.001) decreased when lentils were combined with potato, but not with rice. The RGRs of rice and potato were lowered by ∼20% and 35%, respectively, when half of their AC was replaced with lentils.

CONCLUSIONS

Replacing half of the AC from high-GI foods with lentils significantly attenuates PBGR in healthy adults; this can contribute to defining a health claim for pulses and blood glucose lowering. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02426606.

摘要

背景

用豆类代替高升糖指数（GI）食物中的碳水化合物来替代混合膳食中的餐后血糖反应（PBGR），但尚未准确界定。

目的

我们旨在确定用煮豆替代一半大米或土豆的可利用碳水化合物（AC）时，PBGR 和相对血糖反应（RGR）降低的程度。

方法

使用交叉设计，2 组 24 名健康成年人随机摄入 50 g AC 的对照白米饭（平均 ± SD 体重指数（BMI，kg/m2）：24.3 ± 0.5；平均 ± SD 年龄：27.7 ± 1.2 y），单独摄入速溶土豆（BMI：24.0 ± 0.5；年龄：27.4 ± 1.2 y），或相同的淀粉源与 3 种市售的豆类（大青豆、小青豆、红芸豆）各 50:50 AC 组合。空腹和餐后血液样本用于分析葡萄糖和胰岛素，并用于得出增量曲线下面积（iAUC）、RGR 和最大浓度（Cmax）。使用重复测量方差分析评估大米和土豆处理中的治疗效果。

结果

与单独食用大米相比，食用大米与大青豆（P = 0.057）、小青豆（P = 0.002）和红芸豆（P = 0.006）混合后，血糖 iAUC 和 Cmax（P < 0.001）明显降低。与单独食用土豆相比，食用土豆与每种豆类混合后，血糖 iAUC 和 Cmax 也显著降低（P < 0.0001）。当将豆类与土豆混合时，血浆胰岛素 iAUC 和 Cmax 显著降低（P < 0.001），但与大米混合时则不然。当将一半的 AC 从高 GI 食物替换为豆类时，大米和土豆的 RGR 分别降低了约 20%和 35%。