Lajis Ahmad Firdaus B
Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia.
Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia.
J Lipids. 2018 Feb 14;2018:5659683. doi: 10.1155/2018/5659683. eCollection 2018.
For decades, microbial lipases are notably used as biocatalysts and efficiently catalyze various processes in many important industries. Biocatalysts are less corrosive to industrial equipment and due to their substrate specificity and regioselectivity they produced less harmful waste which promotes environmental sustainability. At present, thermostable and alkaline tolerant lipases have gained enormous interest as biocatalyst due to their stability and robustness under high temperature and alkaline environment operation. Several characteristics of the thermostable and alkaline tolerant lipases are discussed. Their molecular weight and resistance towards a range of temperature, pH, metal, and surfactants are compared. Their industrial applications in biodiesel, biodetergents, biodegreasing, and other types of bioconversions are also described. This review also discusses the advance of fermentation process for thermostable and alkaline tolerant lipases production focusing on the process development in microorganism selection and strain improvement, culture medium optimization via several optimization techniques (i.e., one-factor-at-a-time, surface response methodology, and artificial neural network), and other fermentation parameters (i.e., inoculums size, temperature, pH, agitation rate, dissolved oxygen tension (DOT), and aeration rate). Two common fermentation techniques for thermostable and alkaline tolerant lipases production which are solid-state and submerged fermentation methods are compared and discussed. Recent optimization approaches using evolutionary algorithms (i.e., Genetic Algorithm, Differential Evolution, and Particle Swarm Optimization) are also highlighted in this article.
几十年来，微生物脂肪酶作为生物催化剂被广泛应用，能高效催化许多重要工业中的各种过程。生物催化剂对工业设备的腐蚀性较小，且由于其底物特异性和区域选择性，产生的有害废物较少，有利于环境可持续发展。目前，耐高温和耐碱性脂肪酶因其在高温和碱性环境操作下的稳定性和耐用性，作为生物催化剂引起了广泛关注。本文讨论了耐高温和耐碱性脂肪酶的几个特性，比较了它们的分子量以及对一系列温度、pH值、金属和表面活性剂的耐受性。还介绍了它们在生物柴油、生物洗涤剂、生物脱脂和其他类型生物转化中的工业应用。本综述还讨论了耐高温和耐碱性脂肪酶生产发酵工艺的进展，重点关注微生物选择和菌株改良、通过多种优化技术（即一次一因子法、表面响应法和人工神经网络）优化培养基以及其他发酵参数（即接种量、温度、pH值、搅拌速率、溶解氧张力（DOT）和通气速率）等工艺开发。比较并讨论了生产耐高温和耐碱性脂肪酶的两种常见发酵技术，即固态发酵和深层发酵方法。本文还强调了最近使用进化算法（即遗传算法、差分进化和粒子群优化）的优化方法。
