Nukui Hiroshi, Midorikawa Sanae, Murakami Michio, Maeda Masaharu, Ohtsuru Akira
Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.
Department of Health Risk Communication, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.
J Radiat Res. 2018 Apr 1;59(suppl_2):ii108-ii113. doi: 10.1093/jrr/rry023.
Work-related mental health impairment is recognized as a real problem in the context of helping responders, including health professionals, due to adverse health outcomes after a severe disaster. The Great East-Japan Earthquake, which occurred on 11 March 2011, was an unprecedented complex disaster that caused a nuclear accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (NPP). In addition to disaster stress and daily work, medical and health-care professionals, particularly nurses, provided counseling services to residents concerned about radiation health risks or mental health issues. This review focuses on the psychological aspects of the complex nuclear disaster, which was a combined artificial nuclear accident and natural disaster, and we investigated the psychological effects on hospital nurses associated with their experiences during the disaster. We looked at several investigations into the mental health of nurses after a nuclear disaster and in other situations. It was shown that mental health of nurses is impacted, not only after nuclear disasters but also in other circumstances. Furthermore, we noted the effects of extended periods of a heavy workload and daily life. Regarding anxiety about radiation exposure, nurses who had more knowledge of radiation tended to have better mental health, suggesting that education about the health risks of radiation exposure is important for health-care professionals. In summary, it is essential that nurses are provided with education about radiation exposure and its associated health risks, and also that there is a comprehensive approach to mental health care for nurses during the chronic phase of a disaster.
在帮助救援人员（包括卫生专业人员）的背景下，由于严重灾难后的不良健康后果，与工作相关的心理健康损害被认为是一个现实问题。2011年3月11日发生的东日本大地震是一场前所未有的复杂灾难，导致福岛第一核电站发生核事故。除了灾难压力和日常工作外，医疗和保健专业人员，特别是护士，还为担心辐射健康风险或心理健康问题的居民提供咨询服务。本综述聚焦于这场复杂核灾难的心理层面，它是人为核事故与自然灾害的结合，我们调查了核灾难期间医院护士的经历对其产生的心理影响。我们研究了多项关于核灾难及其他情况下护士心理健康的调查。结果表明，护士的心理健康不仅在核灾难后，而且在其他情况下都会受到影响。此外，我们注意到长时间繁重工作量和日常生活的影响。关于辐射暴露焦虑，对辐射了解较多的护士往往心理健康状况较好，这表明对医疗保健专业人员进行辐射暴露健康风险教育很重要。总之，必须为护士提供关于辐射暴露及其相关健康风险的教育，并且在灾难的慢性阶段对护士的心理健康护理要有全面的方法。
