Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, 8 Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TZ, UK.
Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
BMC Public Health. 2018 Apr 19;18(1):520. doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-5445-2.
The aim of this study was to explore parents' responses to changes in children's physical activity and screen-time between Year 1 (5-6 years) and Year 4 (8-9 years of age) of primary school. A secondary aim was to identify how parents adapt their parenting to rapidly changing screen-based technology.
Data were from the longitudinal B-Proact1v Study. Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted between July and October 2016 with a sub-sample of 51 parents who participated in the study at Year 4. The sample was drawn from 1223 families who took part in the B-Proact1v in which the children wore an accelerometer for 5 days and mean minutes of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary minutes per day were derived. This sample was stratified according to the child's MVPA and sedentary (SED) minutes per day, and by child gender. Data were thematically analysed.
Analysis yielded five main themes: 1) Parents reported how children's interests change with free play decreasing and structured activity increasing. 2) Parents highlighted how their children's independence and ability to make choices in relation to physical activity and screen-viewing increase, and that parental influence decreased, as the child gets older. 3) Parents reported that the transition from Year 1 to Year 4 appeared to be a time of substantial change in the screen-based devices that children used and the content that they viewed. 4) Parents reported that managing screen-viewing was harder compared to three years ago and a third of parents expressed concerns about the difficulty of managing screen-viewing in the future. 5) Parents reported using general principles for managing children's screen-viewing including engaging the children with rule setting and encouraging self-regulation.
Parents reported that children's physical activity and sedentary screen behaviours change between Year 1 and Year 4 with children obtaining increased licence to influence the type, location and frequency with which they are active or sedentary. These changes and rapid advances in screen-viewing technology are a challenge for parents to negotiate and highlight a need to develop innovative and flexible strategies to help parents adapt to a rapidly changing environment.
本研究旨在探讨家长对儿童在小学 1 年级（5-6 岁）至 4 年级（8-9 岁）期间体力活动和屏幕时间变化的反应。次要目的是确定家长如何调整育儿方式以适应快速变化的基于屏幕的技术。
数据来自纵向 B-Proact1v 研究。2016 年 7 月至 10 月期间，对参加 B-Proact1v 研究的 51 名家长进行了半结构化电话访谈。该样本是从参与 B-Proact1v 的 1223 个家庭中抽取的，其中儿童佩戴加速度计 5 天，得出每天中等到剧烈强度体力活动（MVPA）和久坐时间的平均值。根据儿童的 MVPA 和久坐时间（SED）分钟数以及儿童性别对该样本进行分层。对数据进行主题分析。
分析产生了五个主要主题：1）家长报告了孩子们的兴趣如何随着自由玩耍的减少和结构化活动的增加而变化。2）家长强调了随着孩子年龄的增长，他们在体力活动和屏幕观看方面的独立性和做出选择的能力如何增强，而父母的影响力则下降。3）家长报告说，从 1 年级到 4 年级的过渡似乎是儿童使用的基于屏幕的设备和他们观看的内容发生重大变化的时期。4）家长报告说，与三年前相比，管理屏幕观看变得更加困难，三分之一的家长对未来管理屏幕观看的难度表示担忧。5）家长报告说，他们使用一般原则来管理孩子的屏幕观看，包括让孩子参与规则制定和鼓励自我调节。
家长报告说，儿童的体力活动和久坐屏幕行为在 1 年级和 4 年级之间发生变化，儿童获得了更多的自主权，可以影响他们活跃或久坐的类型、地点和频率。这些变化和屏幕观看技术的快速发展对家长来说是一个挑战，需要制定创新和灵活的策略来帮助家长适应快速变化的环境。
